Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed
This study aims to optimize the bioconversion of palm kernel cake (PKC) by Pleurotus ostreatus to improve fungal biomass production, lignocellulolytic enzyme expression, and the nutritional value of the substrate as ruminant feed. Three inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitra...
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - MDPI
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/5/251 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/41156 https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11050251 |
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RepoAGROSAVIA41156 |
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dspace |
| institution |
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria |
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Repositorio AGROSAVIA |
| language |
Inglés |
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Genética y mejoramiento animal - L10 Ganado bovino Genética animal Hongo Enzima Ganadería y especies menores http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1391 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49986 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3145 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2603 |
| spellingShingle |
Genética y mejoramiento animal - L10 Ganado bovino Genética animal Hongo Enzima Ganadería y especies menores http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1391 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49986 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3145 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2603 Ibarra Rondón, Aldo Durán Sequeda, Dinary Eloisa Castro Pacheco, Andrea Carolina Fragoso Castilla, Pedro Barahona Rosales, Rolando Mojica Rodríguez, José Edwin Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed |
| description |
This study aims to optimize the bioconversion of palm kernel cake (PKC) by
Pleurotus ostreatus to improve fungal biomass production, lignocellulolytic enzyme expression,
and the nutritional value of the substrate as ruminant feed. Three inorganic
nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and urea) were evaluated for
fungal biomass production using a central composite design (CCD) in liquid fermentations.
The formulated culture medium (18.72 g/L glucose and 0.39 g/L urea) effectively yielded
better fungal biomass production (8 g/L). Based on these results, an extreme vertex design,
mixtures with oil palm by-products (PK, hull, and fiber) supplemented with urea, were formulated,
finding that PKC stimulated the highest biomass production and laccase enzyme
activity in P. ostreatus. The transcriptome of P. ostreatus was obtained, and the chemical
composition of the fermented PKC was determined. Transcriptomic analysis revealed
the frequency of five key domains with carbohydrate-activated enzyme (CAZy) function:
GH3, GH18, CBM1, AA1, and AA5, with activities on lignocellulose. In the fermented
PKC, lignin was reduced by 46.9%, and protein was increased by 69.8%. In conclusion,
these results show that urea is efficient in the bioconversion of PKC with P. ostreatus as a
supplement for ruminants. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Ibarra Rondón, Aldo Durán Sequeda, Dinary Eloisa Castro Pacheco, Andrea Carolina Fragoso Castilla, Pedro Barahona Rosales, Rolando Mojica Rodríguez, José Edwin |
| author_facet |
Ibarra Rondón, Aldo Durán Sequeda, Dinary Eloisa Castro Pacheco, Andrea Carolina Fragoso Castilla, Pedro Barahona Rosales, Rolando Mojica Rodríguez, José Edwin |
| author_sort |
Ibarra Rondón, Aldo |
| title |
Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed |
| title_short |
Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed |
| title_full |
Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed |
| title_fullStr |
Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed |
| title_sort |
optimization of palm kernel cake bioconversion with p. ostreatus: an efficient lignocellulosic biomass value-adding process for ruminant feed |
| publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - MDPI |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/5/251 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/41156 https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11050251 |
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RepoAGROSAVIA411562025-08-30T03:00:42Z Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed Optimization of Palm Kernel Cake Bioconversion with P. ostreatus: An Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass Value-Adding Process for Ruminant Feed Ibarra Rondón, Aldo Durán Sequeda, Dinary Eloisa Castro Pacheco, Andrea Carolina Fragoso Castilla, Pedro Barahona Rosales, Rolando Mojica Rodríguez, José Edwin Genética y mejoramiento animal - L10 Ganado bovino Genética animal Hongo Enzima Ganadería y especies menores http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1391 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49986 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3145 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2603 This study aims to optimize the bioconversion of palm kernel cake (PKC) by Pleurotus ostreatus to improve fungal biomass production, lignocellulolytic enzyme expression, and the nutritional value of the substrate as ruminant feed. Three inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and urea) were evaluated for fungal biomass production using a central composite design (CCD) in liquid fermentations. The formulated culture medium (18.72 g/L glucose and 0.39 g/L urea) effectively yielded better fungal biomass production (8 g/L). Based on these results, an extreme vertex design, mixtures with oil palm by-products (PK, hull, and fiber) supplemented with urea, were formulated, finding that PKC stimulated the highest biomass production and laccase enzyme activity in P. ostreatus. The transcriptome of P. ostreatus was obtained, and the chemical composition of the fermented PKC was determined. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the frequency of five key domains with carbohydrate-activated enzyme (CAZy) function: GH3, GH18, CBM1, AA1, and AA5, with activities on lignocellulose. In the fermented PKC, lignin was reduced by 46.9%, and protein was increased by 69.8%. In conclusion, these results show that urea is efficient in the bioconversion of PKC with P. ostreatus as a supplement for ruminants. Universidad Popular del Cesar Ganadería bovina 2025-08-29T17:44:48Z 2025-08-29T17:44:48Z 2025-05 2025 article Artículo científico http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/5/251 2311-5637 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/41156 https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11050251 reponame:Biblioteca Digital Agropecuaria de Colombia instname:Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria AGROSAVIA eng Fermentation 11 5 1 17 Kumar, V.; Goala, M.; Kumar, P.; Singh, J.; Kumar, P. Integration of treated agro-based wastewaters (TAWs) management with mushroom cultivation. 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[CrossRef] [PubMed] Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf application/pdf Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - MDPI Fermentation; Vol. 11, Núm. 5 (2025): Fermentation (Mayo);p. 1 - 17. |