Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils
Background: Vitamin A (VA) and zinc deficiencies are prevalent. Maize is a common staple, and milling affects nutrient and nutrient-modifier profiles. Objective: We investigated the interaction of maize milling methods (i.e., whole grain compared with refined) in male Mongolian gerbils aged 29–35 d...
| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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Elsevier
2017
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/171107 |
| _version_ | 1855523980132220928 |
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| author | Gannon, B. M. Pixley, KV Tanumihardjo, S. A. |
| author_browse | Gannon, B. M. Pixley, KV Tanumihardjo, S. A. |
| author_facet | Gannon, B. M. Pixley, KV Tanumihardjo, S. A. |
| author_sort | Gannon, B. M. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Background: Vitamin A (VA) and zinc deficiencies are prevalent. Maize is a common staple, and milling affects nutrient and nutrient-modifier profiles. Objective: We investigated the interaction of maize milling methods (i.e., whole grain compared with refined) in male Mongolian gerbils aged 29–35 d with conventionally bred provitamin A–biofortified (orange) or white maize on VA and zinc status. Methods: Study 1 (n = 67) was a 2 × 3 milling (whole compared with refined) by VA [no–vitamin A placebo group (VA−), orange, and VA-supplemented group (VA+)] design, with 4 wk of VA depletion followed by six 4-wk treatments (n = 10/treatment). Study 2 (n = 33) was a 2 × 2 milling-by-zinc [no-zinc placebo group (Zn−) compared with zinc-supplemented group (Zn+)] design, including 2 wk of VA depletion followed by four 3-wk treatments (n = 8–9/treatment). For study 1, positive and negative control groups were given supplemental VA at equimolar amounts to β-carotene equivalents consumed by the orange groups (74 ± 5 nmol/d) or placebo, respectively. For study 2, positive and negative control groups were given 152 μg Zn/d or placebo, respectively. Results: Milling significantly affected zinc concentration, providing 44–45% (whole grain) or 9–14% (refined) NRC requirements. In study 1, orange maize improved liver VA concentrations (mean ± SD: 0.28 ± 0.08 μmol/g) compared with the white maize groups (0.072 ± 0.054 μmol/g). Provitamin A bioefficacy was similar. In study 2, neither zinc nor milling influenced liver retinol. Refined Zn− gerbils weighed less than others by day 14 (46.6 ± 7.1 compared with 56.5 ± 3.5 g, respectively; P < 0.0001). Milling affected pancreas zinc concentrations (refined Zn−: 21.1 ± 1.8 μg Zn/g; whole Zn−: 32.5 ± 5.8 μg Zn/g). Conclusions: Whole-grain intake improved zinc and did not affect provitamin A bioefficacy. Other factors affected by milling (e.g., shelf life, preference, aflatoxin fractioning) need to be considered to maximize health. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace171107 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateRange | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1711072025-09-25T13:01:41Z Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils Gannon, B. M. Pixley, KV Tanumihardjo, S. A. iron retinol maize zinc bioconversion pancreas Background: Vitamin A (VA) and zinc deficiencies are prevalent. Maize is a common staple, and milling affects nutrient and nutrient-modifier profiles. Objective: We investigated the interaction of maize milling methods (i.e., whole grain compared with refined) in male Mongolian gerbils aged 29–35 d with conventionally bred provitamin A–biofortified (orange) or white maize on VA and zinc status. Methods: Study 1 (n = 67) was a 2 × 3 milling (whole compared with refined) by VA [no–vitamin A placebo group (VA−), orange, and VA-supplemented group (VA+)] design, with 4 wk of VA depletion followed by six 4-wk treatments (n = 10/treatment). Study 2 (n = 33) was a 2 × 2 milling-by-zinc [no-zinc placebo group (Zn−) compared with zinc-supplemented group (Zn+)] design, including 2 wk of VA depletion followed by four 3-wk treatments (n = 8–9/treatment). For study 1, positive and negative control groups were given supplemental VA at equimolar amounts to β-carotene equivalents consumed by the orange groups (74 ± 5 nmol/d) or placebo, respectively. For study 2, positive and negative control groups were given 152 μg Zn/d or placebo, respectively. Results: Milling significantly affected zinc concentration, providing 44–45% (whole grain) or 9–14% (refined) NRC requirements. In study 1, orange maize improved liver VA concentrations (mean ± SD: 0.28 ± 0.08 μmol/g) compared with the white maize groups (0.072 ± 0.054 μmol/g). Provitamin A bioefficacy was similar. In study 2, neither zinc nor milling influenced liver retinol. Refined Zn− gerbils weighed less than others by day 14 (46.6 ± 7.1 compared with 56.5 ± 3.5 g, respectively; P < 0.0001). Milling affected pancreas zinc concentrations (refined Zn−: 21.1 ± 1.8 μg Zn/g; whole Zn−: 32.5 ± 5.8 μg Zn/g). Conclusions: Whole-grain intake improved zinc and did not affect provitamin A bioefficacy. Other factors affected by milling (e.g., shelf life, preference, aflatoxin fractioning) need to be considered to maximize health. 2017-03 2025-01-29T12:57:43Z 2025-01-29T12:57:43Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/171107 en Open Access Elsevier Gannon, BM; Pixley, KV; Tanumihardjo, SA 2017. Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils. The Journal of Nutrition 147(3): 337-345. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.241935 |
| spellingShingle | iron retinol maize zinc bioconversion pancreas Gannon, B. M. Pixley, KV Tanumihardjo, S. A. Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils |
| title | Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils |
| title_full | Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils |
| title_fullStr | Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils |
| title_short | Maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not Provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy in male Mongolian gerbils |
| title_sort | maize milling method affects growth and zinc status but not provitamin a carotenoid bioefficacy in male mongolian gerbils |
| topic | iron retinol maize zinc bioconversion pancreas |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/171107 |
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