Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder
The business mission of Norra Skogsägarna is to achieve a profitable forestry for the private forest owners. With this as a background it is of interest for the forest owner association to know how forest owners think about voluntary retentions, the methods of increasing production and quality and i...
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management
2008
|
| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855571999298945024 |
|---|---|
| author | Göthesson, Camilla |
| author_browse | Göthesson, Camilla |
| author_facet | Göthesson, Camilla |
| author_sort | Göthesson, Camilla |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | The business mission of Norra Skogsägarna is to achieve a profitable forestry for the private forest owners. With this as a background it is of interest for the forest owner association to know how forest owners think about voluntary retentions, the methods of increasing production and quality and if there are differences between those who have chosen to certify their forest and those who haven't. This kind of knowledge is of importance, to in an effectively and adjusted way, help the forest owners achieve a profitable forestry.
The objective of this master thesis is to increase knowledge about private forest owners' opinions of the methods of increasing production and quality and to what extent these methods are used. The purpose was also to increase knowledge about how private forest owners think about voluntary retentions. A part of this objective was to investigate if the voluntary retentions corresponded with possible habitats of rare and endangered species and to estimate the forest owners' losses of income, due to the voluntary retentions that are made at the forest property. The objective was also to increase knowledge about private forest owners' opinions of the social- and cultural concerns. Both already PEFC certified and those who were not were included in the study. All of the included had green plans. Women and men were also compared.
The study included 400 private forest owners with forest properties between 50 and 150 hectares. Half of the sample consisted of already PEFC certified forest owners and the other half by those who were not certified. The questionnaires were basis for the personal telephone interviews of 15 certified and 15 not certified forest owners.
The stands that were voluntarily set-aside in the forestry plan, was compared to possible habitats of rare and endangered species. The forest owners' losses of revenue, due to the voluntary retentions that are made at the forest property, were estimated by forest stand data from the forestry plans and Beståndsmetoden. These studies were made on the same sample as in the personal telephone interviews.
The results show that 45 % of the not certified forest owners thought that they were certified and 18 % that didn't know. It is possible that one thinks that the forest is certified when he/she procures a green forestry plan.
In the questionnaire more than half of the respondents answered that they had chosen to do voluntarily retentions. 58 % of the certified forest owners answered that they had chosen to voluntarily set aside productive forest land. This differs greatly with the result from the telephone interviews, where almost everybody answered that they were aware of that voluntarily retentions are recommended in the green forestry plan and that they choose to follow the recommendations. At the telephone interviews the expression voluntarily retentions was more detailed which can be an explanation to the difference. This indicates that it is very important to thoroughly describe what a voluntary retention is so that the forest owner understands the question.
When the forest owners were asked how they valued different compensations, if a formal forest protection was to be made at their property, it turned out that the forest owners were negative to contracts and more negative to a longer contract. They weren't positive to the land being bought by the state either. The type of compensation that the forest owners were most positive to was forest land compensation.
None of the respondents were interested in compensating the production loss, due to voluntary retentions or other environment concerns, with methods of increasing production. One of the most common reasons was that they weren't going to use that forest stand anyways. The voluntary retentions were therefore not looked upon as a loss of production.
This study shows that the losses of revenue, due to voluntary retentions were 26 500 SEK/hectare in average at the forest properties and the total losses of revenue were in average about 150 000 SEK.
A majority had a negative attitude towards lodgepole pine and only 12 % was using this specie on their property. At the telephone interviews only half of the forest owners said that they had attended some kind of schooling were they were informed about lodgepole pine and more than half said that they had negative experiences of the specie. Most of those that were negative said that it was due to the way lodgepole pine looks. Barely one of four of the forest owners had attended some kind of schooling were they were informed about forest fertilizing and most had no experience of forest fertilization. Many of the respondents said that they were negative to the method. In other words, a lot of forest owners are negative without having any experience or knowledge about forest fertilization. More than one third of the forest owners said that they were pruning and two out of three said that long rotation periods were used.
Most answered that incomes from the forest were of great importance for the everyday economy. Even more forest owners said that incomes from the forest were of great importance sometimes, when the need was greater. No difference was found between those who said that incomes from the forest were of great importance for the everyday economy and those who didn't, regarding their attitude towards the methods of increasing production and to what extent they were used. No difference was found either between those who said that the goal to "earn money" was of great importance and those who didn't, regarding their attitude towards lodgepole pine, planting, soil scarification and forest fertilization.
Among the different goals that were suggested, the goal to pass the forest along to the next generation and to increase the economic value of the forest, were of greatest importance. Equally as important was to create a beautiful forest. No ranking between the different goals were made in the questionnaire. The forest owners were asked to estimate how important each goal was to them. It showed that the forest owners often didn't just have one goal that was most important. Many of the goals that were suggested in the questionnaire were said to be important, simultaneously. This shows that trying to rank different goals can be wrong, when more than one goal is considered important at the same time.
A majority answered that they had a great desire to consider the social-, cultural- and environmental concerns. The certified forest owners didn't consider themselves to have a greater knowledge of environmental concerns than the ones not certified did and they didn't have a greater desire to consider the environmental concerns, than the not certified forest owners. This suggests that it is not the desire to consider the environmental concerns that determines if one chooses to certify the forest or not. Most answered that their desire to come to an agreement, about taking much more to consideration to the social-, cultural- and environmental concerns than what the law requires, was low.
On the question, whether the forest owners would consider certifying their forest or continuing being certified if they, in a public register, would have to declare what actions they have taken to mind the environmental concerns and the voluntary retentions, every third answered yes and as many said that they didn't know. The already certified forest owners' were more positive then the not certified.
The men considered themselves to have a greater knowledge in forestry, economics of forestry, environment- and cultural concerns, than the women did.
In average, the forest owners answered that they were willing, without economic compensation, to do voluntary retentions at almost 2 % of the productive forest land. With full economic compensation they were willing to do voluntary retentions at nearly 11 % and if the compensation was double, they would in average be willing to set-aside almost 24 %.
Among the different reasons to why the forest owners chose to do voluntary retentions on the particular area, 71 % answered that it was because they were recommended by the person that generated the green forestry plan. 67 % answered that the motive was that the economic value of the forest was low in that section and 65 % said that the area was set-aside because it contained high environmental values.
Half of the respondents knew of Kraftsamling skog. As many as seven out of ten answered that they were positive to the idea of attending excursions, courses or other arrangements by Kraftsamling skog. There seems to be a great interest in gaining knowledge of the methods of increasing production. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU12096 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU120962017-11-08T07:44:01Z Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder Private forest owners' opinions of voluntary retentions and the forestry methods of increasing production and quality Göthesson, Camilla privata skogsägare certifierade skogsägare frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar (voluntary retentions) tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder kvalitetshöjande skogsskötselåtgärder skogens sociala värden kulturmiljövärden naturvärden grön skogsbruksplan The business mission of Norra Skogsägarna is to achieve a profitable forestry for the private forest owners. With this as a background it is of interest for the forest owner association to know how forest owners think about voluntary retentions, the methods of increasing production and quality and if there are differences between those who have chosen to certify their forest and those who haven't. This kind of knowledge is of importance, to in an effectively and adjusted way, help the forest owners achieve a profitable forestry. The objective of this master thesis is to increase knowledge about private forest owners' opinions of the methods of increasing production and quality and to what extent these methods are used. The purpose was also to increase knowledge about how private forest owners think about voluntary retentions. A part of this objective was to investigate if the voluntary retentions corresponded with possible habitats of rare and endangered species and to estimate the forest owners' losses of income, due to the voluntary retentions that are made at the forest property. The objective was also to increase knowledge about private forest owners' opinions of the social- and cultural concerns. Both already PEFC certified and those who were not were included in the study. All of the included had green plans. Women and men were also compared. The study included 400 private forest owners with forest properties between 50 and 150 hectares. Half of the sample consisted of already PEFC certified forest owners and the other half by those who were not certified. The questionnaires were basis for the personal telephone interviews of 15 certified and 15 not certified forest owners. The stands that were voluntarily set-aside in the forestry plan, was compared to possible habitats of rare and endangered species. The forest owners' losses of revenue, due to the voluntary retentions that are made at the forest property, were estimated by forest stand data from the forestry plans and Beståndsmetoden. These studies were made on the same sample as in the personal telephone interviews. The results show that 45 % of the not certified forest owners thought that they were certified and 18 % that didn't know. It is possible that one thinks that the forest is certified when he/she procures a green forestry plan. In the questionnaire more than half of the respondents answered that they had chosen to do voluntarily retentions. 58 % of the certified forest owners answered that they had chosen to voluntarily set aside productive forest land. This differs greatly with the result from the telephone interviews, where almost everybody answered that they were aware of that voluntarily retentions are recommended in the green forestry plan and that they choose to follow the recommendations. At the telephone interviews the expression voluntarily retentions was more detailed which can be an explanation to the difference. This indicates that it is very important to thoroughly describe what a voluntary retention is so that the forest owner understands the question. When the forest owners were asked how they valued different compensations, if a formal forest protection was to be made at their property, it turned out that the forest owners were negative to contracts and more negative to a longer contract. They weren't positive to the land being bought by the state either. The type of compensation that the forest owners were most positive to was forest land compensation. None of the respondents were interested in compensating the production loss, due to voluntary retentions or other environment concerns, with methods of increasing production. One of the most common reasons was that they weren't going to use that forest stand anyways. The voluntary retentions were therefore not looked upon as a loss of production. This study shows that the losses of revenue, due to voluntary retentions were 26 500 SEK/hectare in average at the forest properties and the total losses of revenue were in average about 150 000 SEK. A majority had a negative attitude towards lodgepole pine and only 12 % was using this specie on their property. At the telephone interviews only half of the forest owners said that they had attended some kind of schooling were they were informed about lodgepole pine and more than half said that they had negative experiences of the specie. Most of those that were negative said that it was due to the way lodgepole pine looks. Barely one of four of the forest owners had attended some kind of schooling were they were informed about forest fertilizing and most had no experience of forest fertilization. Many of the respondents said that they were negative to the method. In other words, a lot of forest owners are negative without having any experience or knowledge about forest fertilization. More than one third of the forest owners said that they were pruning and two out of three said that long rotation periods were used. Most answered that incomes from the forest were of great importance for the everyday economy. Even more forest owners said that incomes from the forest were of great importance sometimes, when the need was greater. No difference was found between those who said that incomes from the forest were of great importance for the everyday economy and those who didn't, regarding their attitude towards the methods of increasing production and to what extent they were used. No difference was found either between those who said that the goal to "earn money" was of great importance and those who didn't, regarding their attitude towards lodgepole pine, planting, soil scarification and forest fertilization. Among the different goals that were suggested, the goal to pass the forest along to the next generation and to increase the economic value of the forest, were of greatest importance. Equally as important was to create a beautiful forest. No ranking between the different goals were made in the questionnaire. The forest owners were asked to estimate how important each goal was to them. It showed that the forest owners often didn't just have one goal that was most important. Many of the goals that were suggested in the questionnaire were said to be important, simultaneously. This shows that trying to rank different goals can be wrong, when more than one goal is considered important at the same time. A majority answered that they had a great desire to consider the social-, cultural- and environmental concerns. The certified forest owners didn't consider themselves to have a greater knowledge of environmental concerns than the ones not certified did and they didn't have a greater desire to consider the environmental concerns, than the not certified forest owners. This suggests that it is not the desire to consider the environmental concerns that determines if one chooses to certify the forest or not. Most answered that their desire to come to an agreement, about taking much more to consideration to the social-, cultural- and environmental concerns than what the law requires, was low. On the question, whether the forest owners would consider certifying their forest or continuing being certified if they, in a public register, would have to declare what actions they have taken to mind the environmental concerns and the voluntary retentions, every third answered yes and as many said that they didn't know. The already certified forest owners' were more positive then the not certified. The men considered themselves to have a greater knowledge in forestry, economics of forestry, environment- and cultural concerns, than the women did. In average, the forest owners answered that they were willing, without economic compensation, to do voluntary retentions at almost 2 % of the productive forest land. With full economic compensation they were willing to do voluntary retentions at nearly 11 % and if the compensation was double, they would in average be willing to set-aside almost 24 %. Among the different reasons to why the forest owners chose to do voluntary retentions on the particular area, 71 % answered that it was because they were recommended by the person that generated the green forestry plan. 67 % answered that the motive was that the economic value of the forest was low in that section and 65 % said that the area was set-aside because it contained high environmental values. Half of the respondents knew of Kraftsamling skog. As many as seven out of ten answered that they were positive to the idea of attending excursions, courses or other arrangements by Kraftsamling skog. There seems to be a great interest in gaining knowledge of the methods of increasing production. Norra Skogsägarnas verksamhetsidé utgår från viljan att åstadkomma ett lönsamt familjeskogsbruk. Med detta som bakgrund är det av intresse för skogsägarföreningen att veta hur de privata skogsägarna förhåller sig till frivilliga avsättningar, tillväxthöjande- och kvalitetshöjande åtgärder och om det finns skillnader mellan de skogsägare som valt att certifiera sitt skogsbruk och de som inte gjort det valet. Sådan kunskap är av vikt för att på ett effektivt och anpassat sätt kunna hjälpa skogsägarna till ett lönsamt skogsbruk. Syftet med examensarbetet var att öka kunskapen om privata skogsägares inställning till tillväxtoch kvalitetshöjande åtgärder och undersöka i vilken utsträckning sådana åtgärder tillämpas. Syftet var vidare att öka kunskapen om privata skogsägares förhållning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar. Delmål för detta syfte var att undersöka om man valt att avsätta områden som överensstämmer med möjliga nyckelbiotoper och uppskatta intäktsbortfallet för skogsägaren pga. de frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar som görs på fastigheten. Syftet var även att öka kunskapen om privata skogsägares inställning till skogens sociala värden och kulturmiljövärden. De grupper som jämfördes var PEFC-certifierade skogsägare och de som inte är certifierade men som har en grön skogsbruksplan. Dessutom jämfördes kvinnor och män. Undersökningen omfattar 400 privata skogsägare med fastighetsstorlekar mellan 50 och 150 hektar. Lika många enkäter skickades till PEFC-certifierade skogsägare och till icke certifierade skogsägare. Enkäterna gav en grund för muntlig telefonintervju av 15 certifierade och 15 icke certifierade skogsägare. De bestånd som avsatts för naturvård i skogsbruksplanen, jämfördes med möjliga nyckelbiotoper. Intäktsbortfallet för skogsägaren pga. de frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar som gjorts på fastigheten uppskattades med hjälp av beståndsdata från skogsbruksplanerna och Beståndsmetoden. Dessa analyser gjordes på samma urval som i de muntliga telefonintervjuerna. Enkäterna visade att det var hela 45 % av de icke certifierade skogsägarna som trodde sig vara certifierade och 18 % som inte visste. Det kan vara så att man tror att man har ett certifierat skogsbruk när man skaffat en grön skogsbruksplan. I den skriftliga enkäten svarade drygt hälften att man frivilligt avsatt en del av den produktiva skogsmarken. Av de certifierade skogsägarna svarade 58 % att man avsatt mark. Detta resultat skiljer sig mycket från vad som framgick vid den muntliga intervjun, där nästintill alla svarade att man kände till att frivilliga avsättningar föreslås i skogsbruksplanen och att man dessutom valde att följa rekommendationerna. Vid den muntliga intervjun gavs en mer utförlig förklaring av vad frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar är vilket kan vara en orsak till skillnaden. Det tyder på att det är mycket viktigt att utförligt beskriva vad en frivillig avsättning är, så att skogsägaren förstår vad man frågar om. När skogsägarna tillfrågades om hur de värderade olika ersättningsformer, om det skulle bli aktuellt med ett formellt skydd på deras mark, visade det sig att de var negativa till avtal och ju längre ett avtal är, desto mer negativ var man. Man var inte heller positiv till att staten köper marken. Den ersättningsform som man ändå var mest positiv till var markbyte. Ingen av de medverkande svarade att man skulle kunna tänka sig att använda tillväxthöjande åtgärder för att kompensera produktionsförluster vid avsättningar, eller annan naturhänsyn. Det visade sig att en av de vanligaste anledningarna var att man ändå inte tänkt bruka det avsatta området. Avsättningen ansågs därmed inte innebära en tillväxtförlust. I denna studie var intäktsbortfallet på fastigheterna, till följd av frivilliga avsättningar, i genomsnitt cirka 26 500 kronor per hektar. På fastigheterna var det totala nuvärdet för avsättningarna i genomsnitt drygt 150 000 kronor. De flesta hade en negativ inställning till contorta och endast 12 % använde trädslaget på sin fastighet. I den muntliga intervjun svarade knappt hälften att de deltagit i någon slags utbildning där man informerade om trädslaget och drygt hälften av skogsägarna att de hade negativa erfarenheter av contorta. Av de som var negativa svarade de allra flesta att det berodde på dess utseende. Knappt var fjärde skogsägare hade deltagit i någon slags utbildning där man informerade om gödsling och de flesta hade ingen erfarenhet alls av gödsling. Detta samtidigt som många av de medverkande svarade att man var negativ till åtgärden. Många är alltså negativa utan att de varken har erfarenhet eller kunskap om gödsling. Drygt var tredje skogsägare svarade att man stamkvistar på sin fastighet och två av tre skogsägare angav att långa omloppstider tillämpades. De flesta svarade att inkomster från skogen var av stor betydelse för den vardagliga ekonomin. Än fler svarade att de hade en stor betydelse ibland, vid ”större behov”. Endast 14 % tyckte att inkomster från skogen hade liten betydelse i den vardagliga ekonomin och ännu färre (8 %) att inkomster från skogen var av liten betydelse vid större behov. Ingen skillnad fanns mellan de som ansåg att inkomster från skogen var av betydelse för den vardagliga ekonomin och de som ej ansåg att de var av större betydelse, vad gäller inställning till tillväxthöjande åtgärder och i vilken utsträckning de tillämpades. Det fanns heller ingen skillnad mellan de som ansåg målet att "tjäna pengar" var viktigt och de som inte ansåg att det var viktigt, vad gäller inställning till contorta, plantering, markberedning och gödsling. Bland de mål som föreslogs, värderades att föra skogen vidare till nästa generation och att bygga upp skogens ekonomiska värde högst. Ungefär lika högt värderades att skapa en vacker skog. Ingen rangordning gjordes mellan de olika målen i enkäten utan skogsägarna fick värdera hur viktigt de ansåg att vart och ett av målen för deras skogsbruk var. Det visade sig att skogsägarna ofta inte enbart hade ett enda mål som värderades högst. Många av målen som föreslogs i enkäten värderades högt samtidigt. Man kan alltså inte alltid sätta ett mål mot ett annat, när flera mål är lika viktiga samtidigt. Majoriteten av de medverkande svarade att de hade en hög vilja att ta hänsyn till skogens sociala värden, kulturmiljö- och naturvärden. De certifierade skogsägarna ansåg sig inte ha större kunskap inom naturvård än vad de icke certifierade skogsägarna gjorde och inte heller hade de en större vilja att ta hänsyn till naturvärden. Det skulle kunna betyda att det inte är viljan att ta hänsyn till naturvärden som är avgörande, om man certifierar sitt skogsbruk eller inte. De flesta svarade att deras vilja att ingå avtal, om att ta betydligt mer hänsyn till skogens sociala värden, kulturmiljö- och naturvärden än lagens minimikrav, var låg. På frågan om man skulle kunna tänka sig att certifiera sin fastighet eller fortsätta vara certifierad, om man måste lämna in uppgifter om sina naturvårdsåtgärder och avsättningar till ett offentligt register, svarade var tredje skogsägare ja och lika många att de inte visste. De certifierade skogsägarna var mer positiva än de icke certifierade. Männen har genomgående uppskattat sin kunskap inom skogsskötsel, skogsskötselns ekonomi, natur- och kulturmiljövård större än vad kvinnorna gjort. I genomsnitt svarade skogsägarna att man, utan ekonomisk ersättning, kunde tänka sig att frivilligt avsätta nästan 2 % av den produktiva skogsmarken. Med full ekonomisk ersättning kunde man i genomsnitt tänka sig att sätta av nästan 11 % och med dubbel ersättning knappt 24 %. Av de olika anledningarna till varför man valde att frivilligt avstå från just det valda området, sade 71 % att man blev rekommenderad av planläggaren. 67 % angav att motivet var ett lågt ekonomiskt värde och 65 % att området sattes av p.g.a. att det hade ett högt naturvärde. Hälften av de tillfrågade skogsägarna svarade att man kände till Kraftsamling skog. Sju av tio skogsägare svarade att man skulle kunna tänka sig att gå på skogsdagar, kurser eller studiecirklar som anordnas inom Kraftsamling skog. Det verkar som att det finns ett stort intresse för att öka kunskapen om hur man kan öka tillväxten. SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management 2008 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12096/ |
| spellingShingle | privata skogsägare certifierade skogsägare frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar (voluntary retentions) tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder kvalitetshöjande skogsskötselåtgärder skogens sociala värden kulturmiljövärden naturvärden grön skogsbruksplan Göthesson, Camilla Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| title | Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| title_full | Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| title_fullStr | Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| title_short | Privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| title_sort | privata skogsägares inställning till frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar samt kvalitets- och tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder |
| topic | privata skogsägare certifierade skogsägare frivilliga naturvårdsavsättningar (voluntary retentions) tillväxthöjande skogsskötselåtgärder kvalitetshöjande skogsskötselåtgärder skogens sociala värden kulturmiljövärden naturvärden grön skogsbruksplan |