Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina

Cryptosporidiosis of neonatal dairy calves causes diarrhea, resulting in important economic losses. In Argentina, prevalence values of Cryptosporidium spp. and other enteropathogens such as group A rotavirus (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC, endotoxin STa+)...

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Main Authors: Garro, Carlos Javier, Morici, Gabriel Edgardo, Tomazic, Mariela Luján, Vilte, Daniel Alejandro, Encinas, Micaela, Vega, Celina Guadalupe, Bok, Marina, Parreño, Viviana, Schnittger, Leonhard
Format: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/11653
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405939021000393
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100567
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author Garro, Carlos Javier
Morici, Gabriel Edgardo
Tomazic, Mariela Luján
Vilte, Daniel Alejandro
Encinas, Micaela
Vega, Celina Guadalupe
Bok, Marina
Parreño, Viviana
Schnittger, Leonhard
author_browse Bok, Marina
Encinas, Micaela
Garro, Carlos Javier
Morici, Gabriel Edgardo
Parreño, Viviana
Schnittger, Leonhard
Tomazic, Mariela Luján
Vega, Celina Guadalupe
Vilte, Daniel Alejandro
author_facet Garro, Carlos Javier
Morici, Gabriel Edgardo
Tomazic, Mariela Luján
Vilte, Daniel Alejandro
Encinas, Micaela
Vega, Celina Guadalupe
Bok, Marina
Parreño, Viviana
Schnittger, Leonhard
author_sort Garro, Carlos Javier
collection INTA Digital
description Cryptosporidiosis of neonatal dairy calves causes diarrhea, resulting in important economic losses. In Argentina, prevalence values of Cryptosporidium spp. and other enteropathogens such as group A rotavirus (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC, endotoxin STa+), have been independently studied in different regions. However, an integrative epidemiological investigation on large-scale farms has not been carried out. In this study, fecal samples (n = 908) were randomly collected from diarrheic and healthy calves from 42 dairy farms, and analyzed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp., RVA, BCoV, ETEC (STa+) and Salmonella spp. In all sampled dairy farms, dams had been vaccinated against rotavirus and gram-negative bacteria to protect calves against neonatal diarrhea. The proportion of calves shedding Cryptosporidium spp., RVA, and BCoV in animals younger than 20 days of age were 29.8%, 12.4% and 6.4%, and in calves aged between 21 and 90 days, 5.6%, 3.9%, and 1.8%, respectively. ETEC was absent in the younger, and occurred only sporadically in the older group (0.9%), whereas Salmonella spp. was absent in both. The observed sporadic finding or even absence of bacterial pathogens might be explained by the frequent use of parenteral antibiotics in 25.3% and 6.5% of the younger and the older group of calves, respectively, within 2 days prior to sampling and/or vaccination of dams against gram-negative bacteria. Diarrhea was observed in 28.8% (95% CI, 24.7–32.8%) of the younger calves and 11.7% (95% CI, 9.1–15.5%) of the older calves. Importantly, Cryptosporidium spp. (odds ratio (OR) = 5.7; 95% CI, 3.3–9.9; p < 0.0001) and RVA (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.1; p < 0.05) were both found to be risk factors for diarrhea in calves younger than 20 days old. Based on its high prevalence and OR, our results strongly suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. is the principal causative factor for diarrhea in the group of neonatal calves, whereas RVA seems to play a secondary role in the etiology of diarrhea in the studied farms, with about three-times lower prevalence and a half as high OR. Furthermore, a coinfection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. and RVA of 3.7% was observed in the group of younger calves, which strengthens the assumption that these events are independent. In contrast, due to a low infection rate of enteropathogens in older calves, mixed infection (<< 1%) was virtually absent in this group.
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spelling INTA116532022-04-18T10:55:16Z Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina Garro, Carlos Javier Morici, Gabriel Edgardo Tomazic, Mariela Luján Vilte, Daniel Alejandro Encinas, Micaela Vega, Celina Guadalupe Bok, Marina Parreño, Viviana Schnittger, Leonhard Cryptosporidium parvum Rotavirus Rota Virus Diarrea de Terneros Buenos Aires (provincia) Calf Diarrhoea Rotavirus Buenos Aires (province) Dairy Cattle Ganado de Leche Enteropathogens Enteropatógenos Cryptosporidiosis of neonatal dairy calves causes diarrhea, resulting in important economic losses. In Argentina, prevalence values of Cryptosporidium spp. and other enteropathogens such as group A rotavirus (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC, endotoxin STa+), have been independently studied in different regions. However, an integrative epidemiological investigation on large-scale farms has not been carried out. In this study, fecal samples (n = 908) were randomly collected from diarrheic and healthy calves from 42 dairy farms, and analyzed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp., RVA, BCoV, ETEC (STa+) and Salmonella spp. In all sampled dairy farms, dams had been vaccinated against rotavirus and gram-negative bacteria to protect calves against neonatal diarrhea. The proportion of calves shedding Cryptosporidium spp., RVA, and BCoV in animals younger than 20 days of age were 29.8%, 12.4% and 6.4%, and in calves aged between 21 and 90 days, 5.6%, 3.9%, and 1.8%, respectively. ETEC was absent in the younger, and occurred only sporadically in the older group (0.9%), whereas Salmonella spp. was absent in both. The observed sporadic finding or even absence of bacterial pathogens might be explained by the frequent use of parenteral antibiotics in 25.3% and 6.5% of the younger and the older group of calves, respectively, within 2 days prior to sampling and/or vaccination of dams against gram-negative bacteria. Diarrhea was observed in 28.8% (95% CI, 24.7–32.8%) of the younger calves and 11.7% (95% CI, 9.1–15.5%) of the older calves. Importantly, Cryptosporidium spp. (odds ratio (OR) = 5.7; 95% CI, 3.3–9.9; p < 0.0001) and RVA (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.1; p < 0.05) were both found to be risk factors for diarrhea in calves younger than 20 days old. Based on its high prevalence and OR, our results strongly suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. is the principal causative factor for diarrhea in the group of neonatal calves, whereas RVA seems to play a secondary role in the etiology of diarrhea in the studied farms, with about three-times lower prevalence and a half as high OR. Furthermore, a coinfection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. and RVA of 3.7% was observed in the group of younger calves, which strengthens the assumption that these events are independent. In contrast, due to a low infection rate of enteropathogens in older calves, mixed infection (<< 1%) was virtually absent in this group. Instituto de Patobiología Fil: Garro, Carlos Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Garro, Carlos Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Morici, Gabriel Edgardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Morici, Gabriel Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Tomazic, Mariela Luján. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Tomazic, Mariela Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vilte, Daniel Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria); Argentina Fil: Vilte, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Encinas, Micaela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Encinas, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vega, Celina Guadalupe. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Vega, Celina Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Bok, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Bok, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Parreño, Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Parreño, Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Argentina 2022-04-18T10:48:07Z 2022-04-18T10:48:07Z 2021-04 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/11653 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405939021000393 2405-9390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100567 eng info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/AR./Desarrollo de vacunas y tecnologías para mejorar las estrategias profilácticas y terapéuticas de las enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud pública info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I103-001/2019-PD-E5-I103-001/AR./Desarrollo de tecnologías diagnósticas y estudios epidemiológicos para el control de enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud pública info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNSA-1115053/AR./Biotecnologías reproductivas y desarrollo de metodologías de diagnóstico, control y prevención de las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias que afectan la concepción, gestación y período neonatal en especies de interés zootécnico. info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf Elsevier Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 24 : 100567 (Abril 2021)
spellingShingle Cryptosporidium parvum
Rotavirus
Rota Virus Diarrea de Terneros
Buenos Aires (provincia)
Calf Diarrhoea Rotavirus
Buenos Aires (province)
Dairy Cattle
Ganado de Leche
Enteropathogens
Enteropatógenos
Garro, Carlos Javier
Morici, Gabriel Edgardo
Tomazic, Mariela Luján
Vilte, Daniel Alejandro
Encinas, Micaela
Vega, Celina Guadalupe
Bok, Marina
Parreño, Viviana
Schnittger, Leonhard
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
title Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
title_full Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
title_fullStr Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
title_short Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
title_sort occurrence of cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of buenos aires province argentina
topic Cryptosporidium parvum
Rotavirus
Rota Virus Diarrea de Terneros
Buenos Aires (provincia)
Calf Diarrhoea Rotavirus
Buenos Aires (province)
Dairy Cattle
Ganado de Leche
Enteropathogens
Enteropatógenos
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/11653
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405939021000393
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100567
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