Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems

Food systems generate about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Without reducing them, it will not be possible to stabilize the climate and keep the increase in global temperature below 1.5 oC from pre-industrial levels. About 50 percent of agricultural emissions (in CO2eq) come from...

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Autores principales: Vos, Rob, Martin, Will
Formato: Artículo preliminar
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: International Food Policy Research Institute 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/174515
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author Vos, Rob
Martin, Will
author_browse Martin, Will
Vos, Rob
author_facet Vos, Rob
Martin, Will
author_sort Vos, Rob
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Food systems generate about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Without reducing them, it will not be possible to stabilize the climate and keep the increase in global temperature below 1.5 oC from pre-industrial levels. About 50 percent of agricultural emissions (in CO2eq) come from methane, a super potent GHG, mostly from livestock production and rice cultivation. We consider six broad potential approaches to reducing emissions from agriculture—emission taxes; repurposing of farm support; regulations and conditionality; investing in green innovations; emission reduction credits, and demand-side interventions. We find that carbon taxes on most agricultural production emissions are likely much less effective than for emissions from combustion. Simple rearrangement or reduction of agricultural support will have only small impacts in terms of improving human and planetary health. By contrast, repurposing agricultural support towards R&D on sustainable agricultural intensification could generate major efficiency gains, sharply reduce emissions and improve food security. Regulatory approaches, including conditionality and payment for environmental services (PES) can be counterproductive if they lower yields and require expansion of agricultural land use. The potential benefits of emission reduction credits are greatly diminished by challenges in defining their baselines. Demand interventions designed to contribute both to environmental goals and improvements in health outcomes may also play a supporting role. Since multiple sustainable development goals are to be achieved, no single instrument by itself will be effective. Instead, multiple policy instruments will need to be bundled and targeted to create synergies and address trade-offs.
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spelling CGSpace1745152025-12-02T21:03:03Z Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems Vos, Rob Martin, Will climate change mitigation agriculture food security agricultural policies greenhouse gas emissions sustainability Food systems generate about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Without reducing them, it will not be possible to stabilize the climate and keep the increase in global temperature below 1.5 oC from pre-industrial levels. About 50 percent of agricultural emissions (in CO2eq) come from methane, a super potent GHG, mostly from livestock production and rice cultivation. We consider six broad potential approaches to reducing emissions from agriculture—emission taxes; repurposing of farm support; regulations and conditionality; investing in green innovations; emission reduction credits, and demand-side interventions. We find that carbon taxes on most agricultural production emissions are likely much less effective than for emissions from combustion. Simple rearrangement or reduction of agricultural support will have only small impacts in terms of improving human and planetary health. By contrast, repurposing agricultural support towards R&D on sustainable agricultural intensification could generate major efficiency gains, sharply reduce emissions and improve food security. Regulatory approaches, including conditionality and payment for environmental services (PES) can be counterproductive if they lower yields and require expansion of agricultural land use. The potential benefits of emission reduction credits are greatly diminished by challenges in defining their baselines. Demand interventions designed to contribute both to environmental goals and improvements in health outcomes may also play a supporting role. Since multiple sustainable development goals are to be achieved, no single instrument by itself will be effective. Instead, multiple policy instruments will need to be bundled and targeted to create synergies and address trade-offs. 2025-05-08 2025-05-09T14:05:32Z 2025-05-09T14:05:32Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/174515 en https://hdl.handle.net/10568/141293 https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4348en https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000113 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/138940 Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Vos, Rob; and Martin, Will. 2025. Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2336. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/174515
spellingShingle climate change mitigation
agriculture
food security
agricultural policies
greenhouse gas emissions
sustainability
Vos, Rob
Martin, Will
Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
title Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
title_full Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
title_fullStr Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
title_full_unstemmed Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
title_short Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
title_sort options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and food systems
topic climate change mitigation
agriculture
food security
agricultural policies
greenhouse gas emissions
sustainability
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/174515
work_keys_str_mv AT vosrob optionsforreducinggreenhousegasemissionsfromagricultureandfoodsystems
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