Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique

The burden of foodborne disease due to the consumption of animal-sourced foods is substantial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Open air markets, while providing fresh and affordable foods, often have unhygienic practices that may contribute to contamination during the slaughter and proce...

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Main Authors: Lamar, F., Mondlane-Milisse, A., Brito, D.R.A., Mucache, H.N., Jesser, K.J., Fagnant-Sperati, C.S., Victor, C., Shioda, K., Fafetine, J.M., Saíde, J.Â.O., Fèvre, Eric M., Mattioli, M.C., Levy, K., Freeman, M.C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/159377
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author Lamar, F.
Mondlane-Milisse, A.
Brito, D.R.A.
Mucache, H.N.
Jesser, K.J.
Fagnant-Sperati, C.S.
Victor, C.
Shioda, K.
Fafetine, J.M.
Saíde, J.Â.O.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Mattioli, M.C.
Levy, K.
Freeman, M.C.
author_browse Brito, D.R.A.
Fafetine, J.M.
Fagnant-Sperati, C.S.
Freeman, M.C.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Jesser, K.J.
Lamar, F.
Levy, K.
Mattioli, M.C.
Mondlane-Milisse, A.
Mucache, H.N.
Saíde, J.Â.O.
Shioda, K.
Victor, C.
author_facet Lamar, F.
Mondlane-Milisse, A.
Brito, D.R.A.
Mucache, H.N.
Jesser, K.J.
Fagnant-Sperati, C.S.
Victor, C.
Shioda, K.
Fafetine, J.M.
Saíde, J.Â.O.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Mattioli, M.C.
Levy, K.
Freeman, M.C.
author_sort Lamar, F.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description The burden of foodborne disease due to the consumption of animal-sourced foods is substantial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Open air markets, while providing fresh and affordable foods, often have unhygienic practices that may contribute to contamination during the slaughter and processing of chicken meat. This study examines whether and how the common practice of rinse water (stored water used for rinsing broiler carcasses during processing) reuse leads to accumulation of pathogens, with potential cross contamination of chicken meat. To assess the accumulation of <i>Campylobacter jejuni/coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and the indicator of fecal contamination, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, in rinse water used during the slaughtering process at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique. We conducted a time-series study at three open air food markets. In a first experiment, we collected paired rinse water (N = 70), water used for chicken processing, and broiler chicken carcass (N = 60) samples from 10 vendors at 75-min intervals starting prior to any processing activity. In a second experiment, we collected 100, 50 mL rinse water samples, immediately before and after processing, from 10 vendors. Chicken processing activity and associated hygiene practices were captured through direct observation. Vendors processed 24 chickens per day, on average. In the first experiment, <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 30 % and 80 % of rinse water samples, respectively, prior to processing (baseline), and no <i>Salmonella</i> was detected. After the first carcass rinse, <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 100 % of samples, and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was detected in 42 % of rinse water samples and 48 % of carcass samples. <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> showed an average 0.1 log10 copies (95 % CI 0.0, 0.2) increase in rinse water and carcass samples every 75 min. In the second experiment, no <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> or <i>Salmonella</i> spp. were detected in baseline rinse water samples, and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 78 % of baseline rinse water samples. After processing the first carcass, <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> were detected in 100 % of remaining samples, <i>Salmonella</i> spp. were detected in 28 % of pre-final rinse and 36 % of post-final rinse samples, and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 81 % of pre-final rinse and 100 % of post-final rinse samples. Our results reveal that consumers are at a high risk of purchasing chicken meat contaminated with human enteropathogens. Once contaminated, rinse water stays contaminated throughout the day. Low-cost and feasible interventions implemented at the carcass wash step are needed to reduce microbial hazards on chicken meat before purchase.
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spelling CGSpace1593772025-10-26T12:52:17Z Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique Lamar, F. Mondlane-Milisse, A. Brito, D.R.A. Mucache, H.N. Jesser, K.J. Fagnant-Sperati, C.S. Victor, C. Shioda, K. Fafetine, J.M. Saíde, J.Â.O. Fèvre, Eric M. Mattioli, M.C. Levy, K. Freeman, M.C. animal products food safety markets poultry The burden of foodborne disease due to the consumption of animal-sourced foods is substantial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Open air markets, while providing fresh and affordable foods, often have unhygienic practices that may contribute to contamination during the slaughter and processing of chicken meat. This study examines whether and how the common practice of rinse water (stored water used for rinsing broiler carcasses during processing) reuse leads to accumulation of pathogens, with potential cross contamination of chicken meat. To assess the accumulation of <i>Campylobacter jejuni/coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and the indicator of fecal contamination, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, in rinse water used during the slaughtering process at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique. We conducted a time-series study at three open air food markets. In a first experiment, we collected paired rinse water (N = 70), water used for chicken processing, and broiler chicken carcass (N = 60) samples from 10 vendors at 75-min intervals starting prior to any processing activity. In a second experiment, we collected 100, 50 mL rinse water samples, immediately before and after processing, from 10 vendors. Chicken processing activity and associated hygiene practices were captured through direct observation. Vendors processed 24 chickens per day, on average. In the first experiment, <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 30 % and 80 % of rinse water samples, respectively, prior to processing (baseline), and no <i>Salmonella</i> was detected. After the first carcass rinse, <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 100 % of samples, and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was detected in 42 % of rinse water samples and 48 % of carcass samples. <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> showed an average 0.1 log10 copies (95 % CI 0.0, 0.2) increase in rinse water and carcass samples every 75 min. In the second experiment, no <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> or <i>Salmonella</i> spp. were detected in baseline rinse water samples, and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 78 % of baseline rinse water samples. After processing the first carcass, <i>C. jejuni/coli</i> were detected in 100 % of remaining samples, <i>Salmonella</i> spp. were detected in 28 % of pre-final rinse and 36 % of post-final rinse samples, and <i>E. coli</i> were detected in 81 % of pre-final rinse and 100 % of post-final rinse samples. Our results reveal that consumers are at a high risk of purchasing chicken meat contaminated with human enteropathogens. Once contaminated, rinse water stays contaminated throughout the day. Low-cost and feasible interventions implemented at the carcass wash step are needed to reduce microbial hazards on chicken meat before purchase. 2025-01 2024-11-07T12:50:26Z 2024-11-07T12:50:26Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/159377 en Limited Access Elsevier Lamar, F., Mondlane-Milisse, A., Brito, D.R.A., Mucache, H.N., Jesser, K.J., Fagnant-Sperati, C.S., Victor, C., Shioda, K., Fafetine, J.M., Saíde, J.Â.O., Fèvre, E.M., Mattioli, M.C., Levy, K. and Freeman, M.C. 2025. Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique. International Journal of Food Microbiology 427: 110960.
spellingShingle animal products
food safety
markets
poultry
Lamar, F.
Mondlane-Milisse, A.
Brito, D.R.A.
Mucache, H.N.
Jesser, K.J.
Fagnant-Sperati, C.S.
Victor, C.
Shioda, K.
Fafetine, J.M.
Saíde, J.Â.O.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Mattioli, M.C.
Levy, K.
Freeman, M.C.
Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique
title Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique
title_full Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique
title_fullStr Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique
title_full_unstemmed Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique
title_short Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique
title_sort accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in maputo mozambique
topic animal products
food safety
markets
poultry
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/159377
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