The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement
The U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) of 1970 was meant to strengthen intellectual property protection for plant breeders. A model of investment under partial excludability is developed, leading to the hypotheses that any increase in excludability or appropriability of the returns to inventio...
| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Artículo preliminar |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
International Food Policy Research Institute
2000
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156580 |
| _version_ | 1855535063932862464 |
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| author | Alston, Julian M. Venner, Raymond J. |
| author_browse | Alston, Julian M. Venner, Raymond J. |
| author_facet | Alston, Julian M. Venner, Raymond J. |
| author_sort | Alston, Julian M. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | The U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) of 1970 was meant to strengthen intellectual property protection for plant breeders. A model of investment under partial excludability is developed, leading to the hypotheses that any increase in excludability or appropriability of the returns to invention, attributable to the PVPA, would lead to increases in investment or efficiency gains in varietal R&D, improved varietal quality, and enhanced royalties. These hypotheses are tested in an economic analysis of the effects of the PVPA on wheat genetic improvement. The PVPA appears to have contributed to increases in public expenditures on wheat variety improvement, but private-sector investment in wheat breeding does not appear to have increased. Moreover, econometric analyses indicate that the PVPA has not caused any increase in experimental or commercial wheat yields. However, the share of U.S. wheat acreage sown to private varieties has increased–from 3 percent in 1970 to 30 percent in the 1990s. These findings indicate that the PVPA has served primarily as a marketing tool with little impact on excludability or appropriability. |
| format | Artículo preliminar |
| id | CGSpace156580 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateRange | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| publisherStr | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1565802025-11-06T07:14:22Z The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement Alston, Julian M. Venner, Raymond J. intellectual property rights plant breeding wheat economics The U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) of 1970 was meant to strengthen intellectual property protection for plant breeders. A model of investment under partial excludability is developed, leading to the hypotheses that any increase in excludability or appropriability of the returns to invention, attributable to the PVPA, would lead to increases in investment or efficiency gains in varietal R&D, improved varietal quality, and enhanced royalties. These hypotheses are tested in an economic analysis of the effects of the PVPA on wheat genetic improvement. The PVPA appears to have contributed to increases in public expenditures on wheat variety improvement, but private-sector investment in wheat breeding does not appear to have increased. Moreover, econometric analyses indicate that the PVPA has not caused any increase in experimental or commercial wheat yields. However, the share of U.S. wheat acreage sown to private varieties has increased–from 3 percent in 1970 to 30 percent in the 1990s. These findings indicate that the PVPA has served primarily as a marketing tool with little impact on excludability or appropriability. 2000 2024-10-24T12:44:41Z 2024-10-24T12:44:41Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156580 en Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Alston, Julian M.; Venner, Raymond J. 2000. The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement. EPTD Discussion Paper 62. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156580 |
| spellingShingle | intellectual property rights plant breeding wheat economics Alston, Julian M. Venner, Raymond J. The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement |
| title | The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement |
| title_full | The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement |
| title_fullStr | The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement |
| title_short | The effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement |
| title_sort | effects of the u s plant variety protection act on wheat genetic improvement |
| topic | intellectual property rights plant breeding wheat economics |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/156580 |
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