| Sumario: | Background: Children with under-five year age disproportionally affected with foodborne illness. Campylobacteriosis is the most common foodborne disease next to Norovirus infection. Macrolides are commonly prescribed as the first line of treatment for <i>Campylobacter</i> gastroenteritis, with fluoroquinolone and tetracycline as secondary options. However, resistance to these alternatives has been reported in various regions worldwide.
Objective:To determine the prevalence, associated risk-factors and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i> among under-five children with diarrhea.
Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2022 to April 2023. The study sites were selected using a random sampling technique, while the study subjects were included using a convenient sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were inoculated onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and incubated for 48 hours. The suspected colonies were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to confirm the species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a disc diffusion technique. All potential covariates (independent variables) were analyzed one by one using bivariate logistic regression model to identify candidate variables with P value < 0.25. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to identify potential associated factors using the candidate variables. A p value ≤ 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was statistically significant.
Result: Among the 428 samples, 7.0% (CI: 4.5–9.3) were confirmed <i>Campylobacter</i> species. The prevalence of <i>C. jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i> among under-five children was 5.1% (CI: 3.0–7.0) and 1.9% (CI: 0.7–3.3), respectively. <i>C. jejuni</i> (73.3%) was dominant over <i>C. coli</i> (26.7%). The resident, contact with domestic animals, and parents/guardians education level were significantly associated with campylobacteriosis among under-five children. One-third of the <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates (33.3%, 10/30) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline whereas 10.0% (3/30) were resistant to erythromycin. Furthermore, 3.3% (1/30) of the <i>Campylobacter</i> were found to be multidrug-resistant.
Conclusion: The prevalence of <i>Campylobacter</i> species was 7.0%. The resistance rate of <i>Campylobacter</i> species of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline-resistance strains was 33.3%. Peri-urban residence, contact with domestic animals, and low parental educational statuses were significantly associated factors with increased risk of <i>Campylobacter</i> infection. Continuous surveillance on antimicrobial resistance and health education of personal and environmental hygiene should be implemented in the community.
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