Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data

Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and informal sector occupations, the study finds high existe...

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Autores principales: Chowdhury, Afra R, Areias, Ana C, Imaizumi, Saori, Nomura, Shinsaku, Yamauchi, Futoshi
Formato: Artículo preliminar
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: World Bank 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145650
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author Chowdhury, Afra R
Areias, Ana C
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
author_browse Areias, Ana C
Chowdhury, Afra R
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
author_facet Chowdhury, Afra R
Areias, Ana C
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
author_sort Chowdhury, Afra R
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and informal sector occupations, the study finds high existence of employers’ gender bias in hiring. Explicit gender preferences are highly job specific, and it is common to mention the preferred gender in job ads, which, in general, favor men over women. Although ads for professional occupations exhibit less explicit gender bias, they are not gender neutral. In all types of professional jobs, irrespective of the share of ads with preference for men or women, on average, ads targeting men specify/offer much higher salary. Employers in elementary sectors as well as blue-collar jobs express more segregated gender preference. The findings support the existing research that argues women are more preferred in low-quality, low-status, typically lowpaid informal jobs. Targeting women for low-quality jobs explains half of the mean offered salary gap specified in ads; the rest is direct gender bias. The paper also suggests that, with the rise of new technology and sectors, gender bias in hiring in those new types of jobs is expected to decline.
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spelling CGSpace1456502025-12-08T10:29:22Z Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data Chowdhury, Afra R Areias, Ana C Imaizumi, Saori Nomura, Shinsaku Yamauchi, Futoshi gender gender equality labour remuneration gender analysis Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and informal sector occupations, the study finds high existence of employers’ gender bias in hiring. Explicit gender preferences are highly job specific, and it is common to mention the preferred gender in job ads, which, in general, favor men over women. Although ads for professional occupations exhibit less explicit gender bias, they are not gender neutral. In all types of professional jobs, irrespective of the share of ads with preference for men or women, on average, ads targeting men specify/offer much higher salary. Employers in elementary sectors as well as blue-collar jobs express more segregated gender preference. The findings support the existing research that argues women are more preferred in low-quality, low-status, typically lowpaid informal jobs. Targeting women for low-quality jobs explains half of the mean offered salary gap specified in ads; the rest is direct gender bias. The paper also suggests that, with the rise of new technology and sectors, gender bias in hiring in those new types of jobs is expected to decline. 2018-12-11 2024-06-21T09:04:48Z 2024-06-21T09:04:48Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145650 en Open Access World Bank Chowdhury, Afra Rahman; Areias, Ana Carolina; Imaizumi, Saori; Nomura, Shinsaku; Yamauchi, Futoshi. 2018. Reflections of employers' gender preferences in job ads in India : an analysis of online job portal data (English). Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8379; Paper is funded by the Strategic Research Program (SRP). Washington, DC : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548581522089881652/Reflections-of-employers-gender-preferences-in-job-ads-in-India-an-analysis-of-online-job-portal-data
spellingShingle gender
gender equality
labour
remuneration
gender analysis
Chowdhury, Afra R
Areias, Ana C
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data
title Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data
title_full Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data
title_fullStr Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data
title_full_unstemmed Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data
title_short Reflections of employers’ gender preferences in job ads in India: An analysis of online job portal data
title_sort reflections of employers gender preferences in job ads in india an analysis of online job portal data
topic gender
gender equality
labour
remuneration
gender analysis
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145650
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