Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial
Purpose: We tested the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal [RTEC] and milk) versus (vs.) no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in adolescents. Methods: Healthy adolescents (n = 234) aged 11–13 years were recruited to take part in this school-based, acute, randomised, con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Springer
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142527 |
| _version_ | 1855533382437437440 |
|---|---|
| author | Adolphus, Katie Hoyland, Alexa Walton, Jenny Quadt, Frits Lawton, Clare L. Dye, Louise |
| author_browse | Adolphus, Katie Dye, Louise Hoyland, Alexa Lawton, Clare L. Quadt, Frits Walton, Jenny |
| author_facet | Adolphus, Katie Hoyland, Alexa Walton, Jenny Quadt, Frits Lawton, Clare L. Dye, Louise |
| author_sort | Adolphus, Katie |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Purpose: We tested the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal [RTEC] and milk) versus (vs.) no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in adolescents. Methods: Healthy adolescents (n = 234) aged 11–13 years were recruited to take part in this school-based, acute, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial with two interventions; Breakfast or No Breakfast. The breakfast intervention consisted of ad libitum intake of RTEC (up to 70 g) with milk (up to 300 ml) administered in a naturalistic school breakfast programme environment. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and + 70 and + 215 min post-intervention in a group-testing situation, similar to a school classroom context. The CANTAB test battery included: Simple Reaction Time (SRT), 5-Choice Reaction Time (5-CRT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL; primary outcome). Data collection commenced January 2011 and ended May 2011. This trial was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03979027 on 07/06/2019. Results: A significant effect of the intervention (CMH[1] = 7.29, p < 0.01) was found for the number of levels achieved on the PAL task. A significant difference between interventions was found when baseline performance reached level 2 (JT, z = 2.58, p < 0.01), such that 100% of participants in the breakfast intervention reached the maximum level 4 but only 41.7% of those in the no breakfast intervention reached level 4. A significant baseline*intervention interaction (F[1,202] = 6.95, p < 0.01) was found for total errors made on the PAL task, indicating that participants who made above-average errors at baseline reduced the total number of errors made at subsequent test sessions following breakfast consumption whilst those in the no breakfast intervention did not. There was a positive effect of breakfast on reaction time and visual-sustained attention. The results also demonstrated interactions of intervention with baseline cognitive performance, such that breakfast conferred a greater advantage for performance when baseline performance was poorer. Conclusion: Consuming breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognition in adolescents. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace142527 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Springer |
| publisherStr | Springer |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1425272025-01-28T07:08:05Z Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial Adolphus, Katie Hoyland, Alexa Walton, Jenny Quadt, Frits Lawton, Clare L. Dye, Louise adolescents feeding frequency milk breakfast cereals cereals Purpose: We tested the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal [RTEC] and milk) versus (vs.) no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in adolescents. Methods: Healthy adolescents (n = 234) aged 11–13 years were recruited to take part in this school-based, acute, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial with two interventions; Breakfast or No Breakfast. The breakfast intervention consisted of ad libitum intake of RTEC (up to 70 g) with milk (up to 300 ml) administered in a naturalistic school breakfast programme environment. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and + 70 and + 215 min post-intervention in a group-testing situation, similar to a school classroom context. The CANTAB test battery included: Simple Reaction Time (SRT), 5-Choice Reaction Time (5-CRT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL; primary outcome). Data collection commenced January 2011 and ended May 2011. This trial was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03979027 on 07/06/2019. Results: A significant effect of the intervention (CMH[1] = 7.29, p < 0.01) was found for the number of levels achieved on the PAL task. A significant difference between interventions was found when baseline performance reached level 2 (JT, z = 2.58, p < 0.01), such that 100% of participants in the breakfast intervention reached the maximum level 4 but only 41.7% of those in the no breakfast intervention reached level 4. A significant baseline*intervention interaction (F[1,202] = 6.95, p < 0.01) was found for total errors made on the PAL task, indicating that participants who made above-average errors at baseline reduced the total number of errors made at subsequent test sessions following breakfast consumption whilst those in the no breakfast intervention did not. There was a positive effect of breakfast on reaction time and visual-sustained attention. The results also demonstrated interactions of intervention with baseline cognitive performance, such that breakfast conferred a greater advantage for performance when baseline performance was poorer. Conclusion: Consuming breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognition in adolescents. 2021-09-01 2024-05-22T12:10:37Z 2024-05-22T12:10:37Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142527 en Open Access Springer Adolphus, Katie; Hoyland, Alexa; Walton, Jenny; Quadt, Frits; Lawton, Clare L.; and Dye, Louise. 2021. Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial. European Journal of Nutrition 60: 3325–3342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02506-2 |
| spellingShingle | adolescents feeding frequency milk breakfast cereals cereals Adolphus, Katie Hoyland, Alexa Walton, Jenny Quadt, Frits Lawton, Clare L. Dye, Louise Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial |
| title | Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial |
| title_full | Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial |
| title_fullStr | Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial |
| title_short | Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: A school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial |
| title_sort | ready to eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11 13 year olds a school based randomised controlled parallel groups trial |
| topic | adolescents feeding frequency milk breakfast cereals cereals |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/142527 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adolphuskatie readytoeatcerealandmilkforbreakfastcomparedwithnobreakfasthasapositiveacuteeffectoncognitivefunctionandsubjectivestatein1113yearoldsaschoolbasedrandomisedcontrolledparallelgroupstrial AT hoylandalexa readytoeatcerealandmilkforbreakfastcomparedwithnobreakfasthasapositiveacuteeffectoncognitivefunctionandsubjectivestatein1113yearoldsaschoolbasedrandomisedcontrolledparallelgroupstrial AT waltonjenny readytoeatcerealandmilkforbreakfastcomparedwithnobreakfasthasapositiveacuteeffectoncognitivefunctionandsubjectivestatein1113yearoldsaschoolbasedrandomisedcontrolledparallelgroupstrial AT quadtfrits readytoeatcerealandmilkforbreakfastcomparedwithnobreakfasthasapositiveacuteeffectoncognitivefunctionandsubjectivestatein1113yearoldsaschoolbasedrandomisedcontrolledparallelgroupstrial AT lawtonclarel readytoeatcerealandmilkforbreakfastcomparedwithnobreakfasthasapositiveacuteeffectoncognitivefunctionandsubjectivestatein1113yearoldsaschoolbasedrandomisedcontrolledparallelgroupstrial AT dyelouise readytoeatcerealandmilkforbreakfastcomparedwithnobreakfasthasapositiveacuteeffectoncognitivefunctionandsubjectivestatein1113yearoldsaschoolbasedrandomisedcontrolledparallelgroupstrial |