Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio
Agricultural development projects increasingly include women’s empowerment and gender equality among their objectives, but efforts to evaluate their impact have been stymied by the lack of comparable measures. Moreover, the context-specificity of empowerment implies that a quantitative measure alone...
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| Format: | Artículo preliminar |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
International Food Policy Research Institute
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/140846 |
| _version_ | 1855519540508622848 |
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| author | Quisumbing, Agnes R. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S. Malapit, Hazel J. Seymour, Greg Heckert, Jessica Doss, Cheryl R. Johnson, Nancy L. Rubin, Deborah Thai, Giang Ramani, Gayathri V. Myers, Emily GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team Dione, Malick Pereira, Audrey Van Biljon, Chloe Vaz, Ana Elias, Marlène Annet Mulema Go, Ara Argento, Federica Ahmed, Akhter Hannan, Anika Younus, Masuma de Brauw, Alan Dey, Amita Kramer, Berber Murphy, Mike Benjamin Crookston, Megan Gash Gray, Bobbi Benali, Marwan Schreinemachers, Pepijn Sobgui, Caroline Janzen, Sarah Joshi, Neena Magnan, Nicholas Pradhan, Rajendra Sudhindra Sharma Theis, Sophie Bellemare, Marc Casier, Bart James, Susan Krause, Brooke Mathias Lardinois McCarthy, Aine Sabine Gabrysch Sinharoy, Sheela Waid, Jillian Wendt, Amanda Awonon, Josué Ganaba, Rasmané Gelli, Aulo Martinez, Elena M. Pedehombga, Abdoulaye Sanou, Armande Zougouri, Sita Alonso, Silvia Galiè, Alessandra Tasokwa Kakota Leroy, Jef L. Palloni, Giordano Bryan, Elizabeth Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework Mamun Miah Kumar, Neha Siraj, Saiqa Alemu, Mihret Boonabaana Brenda Ana Paula de la Ocampo Kaaria, Susan Hillesland, Marya Erdgin Mane Slavchevska, Vanya Choudhury, Avijit Madhu Khetan Raghunathan, Kalyani |
| author_browse | Ahmed, Akhter Alemu, Mihret Alonso, Silvia Ana Paula de la Ocampo Annet Mulema Argento, Federica Awonon, Josué Bellemare, Marc Benali, Marwan Benjamin Crookston, Megan Gash Boonabaana Brenda Bryan, Elizabeth Casier, Bart Choudhury, Avijit Dey, Amita Dione, Malick Doss, Cheryl R. Elias, Marlène Erdgin Mane GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team Galiè, Alessandra Ganaba, Rasmané Gelli, Aulo Go, Ara Gray, Bobbi Hannan, Anika Heckert, Jessica Hillesland, Marya James, Susan Janzen, Sarah Johnson, Nancy L. Joshi, Neena Kaaria, Susan Kramer, Berber Krause, Brooke Kumar, Neha Leroy, Jef L. Madhu Khetan Magnan, Nicholas Malapit, Hazel J. Mamun Miah Martinez, Elena M. Mathias Lardinois McCarthy, Aine Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S. Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework Murphy, Mike Myers, Emily Palloni, Giordano Pedehombga, Abdoulaye Pereira, Audrey Pradhan, Rajendra Quisumbing, Agnes R. Raghunathan, Kalyani Ramani, Gayathri V. Rubin, Deborah Sabine Gabrysch Sanou, Armande Schreinemachers, Pepijn Seymour, Greg Sinharoy, Sheela Siraj, Saiqa Slavchevska, Vanya Sobgui, Caroline Sudhindra Sharma Tasokwa Kakota Thai, Giang Theis, Sophie Van Biljon, Chloe Vaz, Ana Waid, Jillian Wendt, Amanda Younus, Masuma Zougouri, Sita de Brauw, Alan |
| author_facet | Quisumbing, Agnes R. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S. Malapit, Hazel J. Seymour, Greg Heckert, Jessica Doss, Cheryl R. Johnson, Nancy L. Rubin, Deborah Thai, Giang Ramani, Gayathri V. Myers, Emily GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team Dione, Malick Pereira, Audrey Van Biljon, Chloe Vaz, Ana Elias, Marlène Annet Mulema Go, Ara Argento, Federica Ahmed, Akhter Hannan, Anika Younus, Masuma de Brauw, Alan Dey, Amita Kramer, Berber Murphy, Mike Benjamin Crookston, Megan Gash Gray, Bobbi Benali, Marwan Schreinemachers, Pepijn Sobgui, Caroline Janzen, Sarah Joshi, Neena Magnan, Nicholas Pradhan, Rajendra Sudhindra Sharma Theis, Sophie Bellemare, Marc Casier, Bart James, Susan Krause, Brooke Mathias Lardinois McCarthy, Aine Sabine Gabrysch Sinharoy, Sheela Waid, Jillian Wendt, Amanda Awonon, Josué Ganaba, Rasmané Gelli, Aulo Martinez, Elena M. Pedehombga, Abdoulaye Sanou, Armande Zougouri, Sita Alonso, Silvia Galiè, Alessandra Tasokwa Kakota Leroy, Jef L. Palloni, Giordano Bryan, Elizabeth Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework Mamun Miah Kumar, Neha Siraj, Saiqa Alemu, Mihret Boonabaana Brenda Ana Paula de la Ocampo Kaaria, Susan Hillesland, Marya Erdgin Mane Slavchevska, Vanya Choudhury, Avijit Madhu Khetan Raghunathan, Kalyani |
| author_sort | Quisumbing, Agnes R. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Agricultural development projects increasingly include women’s empowerment and gender equality among their objectives, but efforts to evaluate their impact have been stymied by the lack of comparable measures. Moreover, the context-specificity of empowerment implies that a quantitative measure alone will be inadequate to capture the nuances of the empowerment process. The Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2), a portfolio of 13 agricultural development projects in nine countries in South Asia and Africa, developed the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) and qualitative protocols for impact evaluations. Pro-WEAI covers three major types of agencies: instrumental, intrinsic, and collective. This paper synthesizes the results of 11 mixed-methods evaluations to assess these projects’ empowerment impacts. The projects implemented the pro-WEAI and its associated qualitative protocols in their impact evaluations. Our synthesis finds mixed, and mostly null impacts on aggregate indicators of women’s empowerment, with positive impacts more likely in the South Asian, rather than African, cases. There were more significant impacts on instrumental agency indicators and collective agency indicators, reflecting the group-based approaches used. We found few significant impacts on intrinsic agency indicators, except for those projects that intentionally addressed gender norms. Quantitative analysis does not show an association between the types of strategies that projects implemented and their impacts, except for capacity building strategies. This finding reveals the limitations of quantitative analysis, given the small number of projects involved. The qualitative studies provide more nuance and insight: some base level of empowerment and forms of agency may be necessary for women to participate in project activities, to benefit or further increase their empowerment. Our results highlight the need for projects to focus specifically on empowerment, rather than assume that projects aiming to reach and benefit women automatically empower them. Our study also shows the value of both a common metric to compare empowerment impacts across projects and contexts and qualitative work to understand and contextualize these impacts. |
| format | Artículo preliminar |
| id | CGSpace140846 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| publisherStr | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1408462025-12-02T21:03:13Z Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio Quisumbing, Agnes R. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S. Malapit, Hazel J. Seymour, Greg Heckert, Jessica Doss, Cheryl R. Johnson, Nancy L. Rubin, Deborah Thai, Giang Ramani, Gayathri V. Myers, Emily GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team Dione, Malick Pereira, Audrey Van Biljon, Chloe Vaz, Ana Elias, Marlène Annet Mulema Go, Ara Argento, Federica Ahmed, Akhter Hannan, Anika Younus, Masuma de Brauw, Alan Dey, Amita Kramer, Berber Murphy, Mike Benjamin Crookston, Megan Gash Gray, Bobbi Benali, Marwan Schreinemachers, Pepijn Sobgui, Caroline Janzen, Sarah Joshi, Neena Magnan, Nicholas Pradhan, Rajendra Sudhindra Sharma Theis, Sophie Bellemare, Marc Casier, Bart James, Susan Krause, Brooke Mathias Lardinois McCarthy, Aine Sabine Gabrysch Sinharoy, Sheela Waid, Jillian Wendt, Amanda Awonon, Josué Ganaba, Rasmané Gelli, Aulo Martinez, Elena M. Pedehombga, Abdoulaye Sanou, Armande Zougouri, Sita Alonso, Silvia Galiè, Alessandra Tasokwa Kakota Leroy, Jef L. Palloni, Giordano Bryan, Elizabeth Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework Mamun Miah Kumar, Neha Siraj, Saiqa Alemu, Mihret Boonabaana Brenda Ana Paula de la Ocampo Kaaria, Susan Hillesland, Marya Erdgin Mane Slavchevska, Vanya Choudhury, Avijit Madhu Khetan Raghunathan, Kalyani women's empowerment gender equality impact evaluation agriculture agricultural development impact assessment Agricultural development projects increasingly include women’s empowerment and gender equality among their objectives, but efforts to evaluate their impact have been stymied by the lack of comparable measures. Moreover, the context-specificity of empowerment implies that a quantitative measure alone will be inadequate to capture the nuances of the empowerment process. The Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2), a portfolio of 13 agricultural development projects in nine countries in South Asia and Africa, developed the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) and qualitative protocols for impact evaluations. Pro-WEAI covers three major types of agencies: instrumental, intrinsic, and collective. This paper synthesizes the results of 11 mixed-methods evaluations to assess these projects’ empowerment impacts. The projects implemented the pro-WEAI and its associated qualitative protocols in their impact evaluations. Our synthesis finds mixed, and mostly null impacts on aggregate indicators of women’s empowerment, with positive impacts more likely in the South Asian, rather than African, cases. There were more significant impacts on instrumental agency indicators and collective agency indicators, reflecting the group-based approaches used. We found few significant impacts on intrinsic agency indicators, except for those projects that intentionally addressed gender norms. Quantitative analysis does not show an association between the types of strategies that projects implemented and their impacts, except for capacity building strategies. This finding reveals the limitations of quantitative analysis, given the small number of projects involved. The qualitative studies provide more nuance and insight: some base level of empowerment and forms of agency may be necessary for women to participate in project activities, to benefit or further increase their empowerment. Our results highlight the need for projects to focus specifically on empowerment, rather than assume that projects aiming to reach and benefit women automatically empower them. Our study also shows the value of both a common metric to compare empowerment impacts across projects and contexts and qualitative work to understand and contextualize these impacts. 2022-10-13 2024-04-12T13:36:45Z 2024-04-12T13:36:45Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/140846 en https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133061 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/148376 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/154140 Open Access application/pdf International Food Policy Research Institute Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Malapit, Hazel J.; Seymour, Greg; Heckert, Jessica; Doss, Cheryl; Johnson, Nancy; Rubin, Deborah; Thai, Giang; Ramani, Gayathri V.; Meyers, Emily; and GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team. 2022. Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2137. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136405. |
| spellingShingle | women's empowerment gender equality impact evaluation agriculture agricultural development impact assessment Quisumbing, Agnes R. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S. Malapit, Hazel J. Seymour, Greg Heckert, Jessica Doss, Cheryl R. Johnson, Nancy L. Rubin, Deborah Thai, Giang Ramani, Gayathri V. Myers, Emily GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team Dione, Malick Pereira, Audrey Van Biljon, Chloe Vaz, Ana Elias, Marlène Annet Mulema Go, Ara Argento, Federica Ahmed, Akhter Hannan, Anika Younus, Masuma de Brauw, Alan Dey, Amita Kramer, Berber Murphy, Mike Benjamin Crookston, Megan Gash Gray, Bobbi Benali, Marwan Schreinemachers, Pepijn Sobgui, Caroline Janzen, Sarah Joshi, Neena Magnan, Nicholas Pradhan, Rajendra Sudhindra Sharma Theis, Sophie Bellemare, Marc Casier, Bart James, Susan Krause, Brooke Mathias Lardinois McCarthy, Aine Sabine Gabrysch Sinharoy, Sheela Waid, Jillian Wendt, Amanda Awonon, Josué Ganaba, Rasmané Gelli, Aulo Martinez, Elena M. Pedehombga, Abdoulaye Sanou, Armande Zougouri, Sita Alonso, Silvia Galiè, Alessandra Tasokwa Kakota Leroy, Jef L. Palloni, Giordano Bryan, Elizabeth Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework Mamun Miah Kumar, Neha Siraj, Saiqa Alemu, Mihret Boonabaana Brenda Ana Paula de la Ocampo Kaaria, Susan Hillesland, Marya Erdgin Mane Slavchevska, Vanya Choudhury, Avijit Madhu Khetan Raghunathan, Kalyani Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio |
| title | Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio |
| title_full | Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio |
| title_fullStr | Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio |
| title_short | Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio |
| title_sort | can agricultural development projects empower women a synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro weai in the gender agriculture and assets project phase 2 portfolio |
| topic | women's empowerment gender equality impact evaluation agriculture agricultural development impact assessment |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/140846 |
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