| Sumario: | The global food system is responsible for 23 – 42% of total net anthropogenic emissions. This share will likely increase in the future, driven by population and economic growth and changes in lifestyle, as other economic sectors are progressively decarbonized. Without rapid and radical transformations in food systems, the Paris Agreement targets will likely remain out of reach. Data on GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and removals are usually collected and analyzed across five economic sectors (energy, industry, agriculture, LULUCF (Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry) and waste). This makes it hard to identify and estimate food system emissions, which span across all these sectors.
This occasional paper is the second edition, revised, updated and expanded, of a previous analysis of food system emissions in Vietnam. It successively examines land use, agriculture (including fisheries and aquaculture), diets, and food system emissions in Vietnam, in the light of national climate engagements, policies and programs. It highlights the following largest sources of emissions from Vietnam’s food system: rice cultivation (23.4% of total food system emissions); livestock emissions related to enteric fermentation and manure management (16.7%); food household consumption (12.7%); food processing (10.1%); synthetic fertilizers, manufacturing and application (10.0%); and food system waste disposal (5.8%). Together, these sources emitted 117.8 MtCO₂eq in 2022 and accounted for 78.8% of all food system emissions.
Based on this analysis, this paper identifies four priorities for mitigation action, well aligned with national priorities: (i) reducing emissions from rice production; (ii) reducing livestock emissions related to enteric fermentation and manure management; (iii) reducing emissions from synthetic fertilizer production and use; and (iv) improving the data situation to understand and pinpoint the focus areas and address emissions from food household consumption and food loss and waste.
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