| Summary: | A study on a.pparent balance of nutrients was held in two farms located in the
municipality of San Ramón, department of Matagalpa, to know plot management and
cummt soíl fertility.
The activities and managements by fimners on the fann were follow during th.tee years
(1997- 1999), and were based on field books filled by the farmers, the infonnation was
compiled trough periodic visits (once a week) in the two fanns and synthesizing in square
oí summary. The study was started with soil samples recoilection and plants samples ftom
(crops established in eacb plot) which were send to the taboratory for its respective
analysis. In the samples of soil the content ofN, P, K. pH, perceot of material organic and
texture were measured, in the samples ofplants was analyzed N, P, K content, to every part
oí the plant (root, steam, leave and ftuit). All of that was utílized to know the inputs and
outputs ofN, P, and K for every plot in order to calculate the nutrients balance.
The result obtained in the fium ofCatalino Figueroa, retlecting a negative balance ofN,
P, K. with elrtremely low values. This due mainly to stubble burning, outputs of nutrients
from harvesting, low fertilizer a.pplication etc.; these flwtors reduce the soíl nutritional
reserves. In the case of Santiaao R.uiz's fium the balance obtained it's evident that fann
presenta better state offertillty than Catalino's, with a better stubble management. no burn
in the plots, and an adequate mineral fertílizer application. lt only presents deficieney ofN
and K. but not as low as Catalino's.
Farmers don't have defined pattern on plot and stubble management; if the inadequate
practices by fiumers continues without using crop relations, breaks or leguminous plants,
these soils will become poor soils, fann productivity wiU be reduced, this is proved by the
negative balances results.
Farmers don't apply the adequate ferti1ize dose, these are not according to crop
nutritional necessitles; it is inftuenced by high costs of fertílizer. The culture or fanner
tradition, low credit availability as weU as the quality of fumily members that is the case of
Santiaao R.uiz in whicb fumily are many chíldren's, it represents more medie and scholar
education expenses, that leads to a shortened budget, which not allowed to acquire the ideal
fertilizer amount.
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