Challenges with ex situ programmes
Human activities are driving many species of wildlife towards extinction. The number of species regarded as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species more than doubled between 2000-2015. This calls for future actions towards survival and r...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Second cycle, A2E |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2016
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| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9146/ |
| _version_ | 1855571469520601088 |
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| author | Smith, Emelie |
| author_browse | Smith, Emelie |
| author_facet | Smith, Emelie |
| author_sort | Smith, Emelie |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Human activities are driving many species of wildlife towards extinction. The number of species regarded as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species more than doubled between 2000-2015. This calls for future actions towards survival and recovery of endangered species.
Captive breeding in zoos is a commonly used tool for maintaining biodiversity and preserving demographically stable and genetically healthy populations. However, it is clear that zoos have failed to manage sustainable populations. The level of breeding success and ultimately reintroducing animals bred in captivity into the wild varies and there are a number of important factors that have to be considered. Behaviour incompatibility, domestication effects, disease outbreaks, inadequate enclosure design and inbreeding depression are some of the factors explaining limited breeding success in zoos.
A high young mortality rate and the limited breeding success seen in zoos raises concern regarding the health and welfare of zoo animals. This review illustrates the failure of getting captive populations to reproduce at rates comparable to wild populations. The results show that, this is primarily the result of species-specific socio-environmental conditions not being successfully met in captivity. Breeding success must be enhanced in breeding programs to maintain sustainable captive populations. In the future, more research is needed about which enclosure design and husbandry methods are the most beneficial as well as which social requirements need to be met in order to provide an environment that is well-adapted to the species physiological, mental and physical needs. |
| format | Second cycle, A2E |
| id | RepoSLU9146 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU91462016-06-09T10:52:33Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9146/ Challenges with ex situ programmes Smith, Emelie Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Pests of animals Human activities are driving many species of wildlife towards extinction. The number of species regarded as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species more than doubled between 2000-2015. This calls for future actions towards survival and recovery of endangered species. Captive breeding in zoos is a commonly used tool for maintaining biodiversity and preserving demographically stable and genetically healthy populations. However, it is clear that zoos have failed to manage sustainable populations. The level of breeding success and ultimately reintroducing animals bred in captivity into the wild varies and there are a number of important factors that have to be considered. Behaviour incompatibility, domestication effects, disease outbreaks, inadequate enclosure design and inbreeding depression are some of the factors explaining limited breeding success in zoos. A high young mortality rate and the limited breeding success seen in zoos raises concern regarding the health and welfare of zoo animals. This review illustrates the failure of getting captive populations to reproduce at rates comparable to wild populations. The results show that, this is primarily the result of species-specific socio-environmental conditions not being successfully met in captivity. Breeding success must be enhanced in breeding programs to maintain sustainable captive populations. In the future, more research is needed about which enclosure design and husbandry methods are the most beneficial as well as which social requirements need to be met in order to provide an environment that is well-adapted to the species physiological, mental and physical needs. Fram till idag har människan drivit många djurarter till utrotning. Antalet arter som listas som hotade på International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ”Red List of Threatened Species” har fördubblats under åren 2000-2015. Framtida åtgärder krävs som fokuserar på återhämtning och bevarande av hotade arter. Avel i fångenskap har ansetts vara ett viktigt verktyg för bibehållandet av den biologiska mångfalden och bevarandet av demografiskt stabila och genetiskt friska djurpopulationer. Det är alltmer tydligt att djurparker misslyckats i att skapa hållbara och livskraftiga populationer. Reproduktionsframgången och återförandet tillbaka till det vilda varierar och det finns ett antal viktiga faktorer som måste tas i beaktande. Beteendeinkompatibilitet, domesticeringseffekter, sjukdomsutbrott, stress och inavelsdepressioner är bara några av de faktorer som kan förklara den begränsade avelsframgången som man ser i djurparker. Hög ungdjursdödlighet och begränsad reproduktionsframgången väcker frågor angående bristande hälsa och välfärd hos djurparksdjur. Detta arbete illustrerar svårigheten med att få djur i fångenskap att reproducera sig i samma utsträckning som i det vilda. Resultatet visar att detta främst är en konsekvens av att artspecifika sociala- och miljöförhållanden som inte tillgodosetts i fångenskap. Avelsprogrammen måste börja ta mer hänsyn till just dessa faktorer för att att avelsframgången ska förbättras. I framtiden behövs mer forskning gällande utformning av hägn och vilka djurhållningsmetoder som är mest fördelaktiga liksom vilka sociala förhållanden som krävs för att skapa en miljö anpassad för att möta varje enskild arts fysiologiska, mentala och fysiska behov. 2016-05-31 Second cycle, A2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9146/1/smith_e_20160609.pdf Smith, Emelie, 2016. Challenges with ex situ programmes. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-880.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-5438 eng |
| spellingShingle | Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Pests of animals Smith, Emelie Challenges with ex situ programmes |
| title | Challenges with ex situ programmes |
| title_full | Challenges with ex situ programmes |
| title_fullStr | Challenges with ex situ programmes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges with ex situ programmes |
| title_short | Challenges with ex situ programmes |
| title_sort | challenges with ex situ programmes |
| topic | Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Pests of animals |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9146/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9146/ |