Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil
This study presents a survey of the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids in three municipalities in Pará, a Brazilian state with the Amazonian rainforest and the Amazon River as dominating features. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are two closely related parasitic prot...
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| Formato: | First cycle, G2E |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2014
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| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/7406/ |
| _version_ | 1855571177494282240 |
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| author | Norlander, Emma |
| author_browse | Norlander, Emma |
| author_facet | Norlander, Emma |
| author_sort | Norlander, Emma |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | This study presents a survey of the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids in three municipalities in Pará, a Brazilian state with the Amazonian rainforest and the Amazon River as dominating features. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are two closely related parasitic protozoans not separated as different genera until 1988. Neospora spp. includes two species, N. caninum and N. hughesi, that are impossible to distinguish between based solely on serology. Seroprevalence in previous studies from other areas of Brazil has presented a prevalence ranging from 5.9% to 43.2% for T. gondii and 0% to 15.9% for Neospora spp.
Blood samples from a total of 440 horses, mules and donkeys from three different categories were sampled; urban horses, farm horses and sport horses. The samples was screened for antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a cut-off value of 1:16 for T. gondii and 1:50 for Neospora spp. The samples were tested in two-fold titrations until reaching end-point titer.
Overall prevalence for T. gondii in the present study was 6.4% (28/440) and for Neospora spp. 4.5% (20/440), results that are among the lowest compared to prevalence studies made in other areas of Brazil. The end-point titers for T. gondii were in the lower end of the spectra, with 32.1% (9/28) of the positive samples having an end-point titer of 1:16 and the highest end-point titer being 1:1024. Analysis for Neospora spp. resulted high end-point titers, only 5.0% (1/20) of the seropositive individuals having an end-point titer of 1:50 and the highest titer being 1:2800. The prevalence on the basis of different determinants gave statistically significant difference in frequencies in several determinant groups. For T. gondii, the prevalence in sport horses was higher than in urban horses. The prevalence of Neospora spp. was higher in males than females, in urban horses compared to farm horses and the prevalence in the municipalities of both Santarém and Óbidos was significantly higher than in Brasil Novo. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these statistically significant differences are reflecting reality or if they are a consequence of the study design. More studies are also needed to be able to estimate the true prevalence in Pará and in Brazil in general. This knowledge is of importance when calculating the risk of meat from infected horses causing clinical disease in humans. |
| format | First cycle, G2E |
| id | RepoSLU7406 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU74062014-10-13T13:36:06Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/7406/ Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil Norlander, Emma Animal diseases Human medicine, health, and safety This study presents a survey of the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids in three municipalities in Pará, a Brazilian state with the Amazonian rainforest and the Amazon River as dominating features. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are two closely related parasitic protozoans not separated as different genera until 1988. Neospora spp. includes two species, N. caninum and N. hughesi, that are impossible to distinguish between based solely on serology. Seroprevalence in previous studies from other areas of Brazil has presented a prevalence ranging from 5.9% to 43.2% for T. gondii and 0% to 15.9% for Neospora spp. Blood samples from a total of 440 horses, mules and donkeys from three different categories were sampled; urban horses, farm horses and sport horses. The samples was screened for antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a cut-off value of 1:16 for T. gondii and 1:50 for Neospora spp. The samples were tested in two-fold titrations until reaching end-point titer. Overall prevalence for T. gondii in the present study was 6.4% (28/440) and for Neospora spp. 4.5% (20/440), results that are among the lowest compared to prevalence studies made in other areas of Brazil. The end-point titers for T. gondii were in the lower end of the spectra, with 32.1% (9/28) of the positive samples having an end-point titer of 1:16 and the highest end-point titer being 1:1024. Analysis for Neospora spp. resulted high end-point titers, only 5.0% (1/20) of the seropositive individuals having an end-point titer of 1:50 and the highest titer being 1:2800. The prevalence on the basis of different determinants gave statistically significant difference in frequencies in several determinant groups. For T. gondii, the prevalence in sport horses was higher than in urban horses. The prevalence of Neospora spp. was higher in males than females, in urban horses compared to farm horses and the prevalence in the municipalities of both Santarém and Óbidos was significantly higher than in Brasil Novo. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these statistically significant differences are reflecting reality or if they are a consequence of the study design. More studies are also needed to be able to estimate the true prevalence in Pará and in Brazil in general. This knowledge is of importance when calculating the risk of meat from infected horses causing clinical disease in humans. Detta är en seroprevalensstudie avseende Toxoplasma gondii och Neospora spp. hos hästdjur från tre kommuner i Pará, en brasiliansk stat som karaktäriseras av regnskog och amazonfloden. Toxoplasma gondii och Neospora spp. är två närbesläktade protozoer som inte separerades som genus förrän 1988. Genus Neospora utgörs av två arter, N. caninum och N. hughesi, som inte kan särskiljas endast genom serologi. Tidigare studier gjorda i andra områden av Brasilien har presenterat prevalenser på 5.9% till 43.2% för T. gondii och 0% till 15.6% för Neospora spp. Blodprover samlades in från totalt 440 hästar, åsnor, mulåsnor och mulor i tre olika kategorier; stadshästar, hästar från gårdar och sporthästar. Proverna analyserades för antikroppar genom indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Cut-off värdet sattes till 1:16 för T. gondii och 1:50 för Neospora spp. Proverna testades i dubbla titreringar tills det att maximal titer uppnåtts. Den totala prevalensen för T. gondii i denna studie var 6.4% (28/440) och 4.5% (20/440) för Neospora spp. Detta är en relativt låg frekvens i jämförelse med studier som gjorts på hästar i andra områden i Brasilien. Maximala titrarna för T. gondii var liknande de som setts i andra studier, 32.1% (9/28) av de positiva proverna hade en maximal titer på 1:16 och den högsta titern var 1:1024. Analyseringen av proverna för Neospora spp. visade höga maximala titrar jämfört med andra studier, endast 5.0% (1/20) hade maximal titer på 1:50 och den högsta maximala titern var 1:2800. Prevalensen baserad på olika förutbestämda faktorer visade på en statistiskt signifikant skillnad inom flera grupper. För T. gondii var prevalensen signifikant högre hos sporthästar jämfört med stadshästar. Gällande Neospora spp. var prevalensen högre hos handjur jämfört med hondjur samt hos stadshästar jämfört med hästar från gårdar. Dessutom var prevalensen i båda kommunerna Santarém och Óbidos högre än i Brasil Novo. Ytterligare studier behövs för att kunna avgöra om detta är verkliga skillnader eller om de är ett resultat av studiens utformning. Det behövs också fler studier för att kunna uppskatta den sanna prevalensen i Pará och Brasilien. Kunskap om prevalens behövs bland annat för att kunna avgöra om intag av hästkött utgör en risk för klinisk sjukdom hos människor. 2014-10-09 First cycle, G2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/7406/11/norlander_e_141009.pdf Norlander, Emma, 2014. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil. First cycle, G2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Clinical Sciences (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-715.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-3906 eng |
| spellingShingle | Animal diseases Human medicine, health, and safety Norlander, Emma Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil |
| title | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil |
| title_full | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil |
| title_short | Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in Pará, Brazil |
| title_sort | seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora spp. in equids from three municipalities in pará, brazil |
| topic | Animal diseases Human medicine, health, and safety |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/7406/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/7406/ |