Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy
Several factors affect the heifer´s growth and development, the newborn calf´s feeding of co-lostrum during its first hours of life is one important factor. The colostrum contains higher amount of immunoglobulins and insulin growth factors compared to matured milk. A high intake of immunoglobulins f...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | First cycle, G2E |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2014
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6922/ |
| _version_ | 1855571091761659904 |
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| author | Wejdmark, Elin |
| author_browse | Wejdmark, Elin |
| author_facet | Wejdmark, Elin |
| author_sort | Wejdmark, Elin |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Several factors affect the heifer´s growth and development, the newborn calf´s feeding of co-lostrum during its first hours of life is one important factor. The colostrum contains higher amount of immunoglobulins and insulin growth factors compared to matured milk. A high intake of immunoglobulins from colostrum results in a high blood concentration of immuno-globulins until the age of eight months. This leads to a lower incidence of diseases that can affect the growth and development negatively. Diarrhea is the most common disease in calves younger than 30 days. An infected heifer calf is three times more likely to calve at an age old-er than 30 months compared with a healthy calf. At the age of 3-7 months almost half of all heifers get pneumonia which can result in a delay of the first calving with three months.
Every month after the age of 24 months when the heifer has not had her first calf is unneces-sary rearing cost which can affect the producer´s economy negatively. This review showed that access to roughage and concentrate, the intake and quality of colostrum, feeding intensity, diarrhea, pneumonia, housing system and the possibility of estrus detection affect the heifers age of first calving. All factors can be regulated by the producer. If first calving occurs at the age of 24 months and the heifer has attained the right weight this will result in an improved economy. |
| format | First cycle, G2E |
| id | RepoSLU6922 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU69222014-07-15T08:19:31Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6922/ Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy Wejdmark, Elin Animal genetics and breeding Several factors affect the heifer´s growth and development, the newborn calf´s feeding of co-lostrum during its first hours of life is one important factor. The colostrum contains higher amount of immunoglobulins and insulin growth factors compared to matured milk. A high intake of immunoglobulins from colostrum results in a high blood concentration of immuno-globulins until the age of eight months. This leads to a lower incidence of diseases that can affect the growth and development negatively. Diarrhea is the most common disease in calves younger than 30 days. An infected heifer calf is three times more likely to calve at an age old-er than 30 months compared with a healthy calf. At the age of 3-7 months almost half of all heifers get pneumonia which can result in a delay of the first calving with three months. Every month after the age of 24 months when the heifer has not had her first calf is unneces-sary rearing cost which can affect the producer´s economy negatively. This review showed that access to roughage and concentrate, the intake and quality of colostrum, feeding intensity, diarrhea, pneumonia, housing system and the possibility of estrus detection affect the heifers age of first calving. All factors can be regulated by the producer. If first calving occurs at the age of 24 months and the heifer has attained the right weight this will result in an improved economy. Flera faktorer påverkar kvigans tillväxt och utveckling, den nyfödda kalvens utfodring av rå-mjölk under de första levnadstimmarna är en viktig faktor. Halten av immunglobuliner och insulinliknande tillväxtfaktorer är högre i råmjölk än i vanlig mjölk. Ett högt intag av immu-noglobulin från råmjölk resulterar i en högre koncentration av immunglobuliner hos kalven ända fram tills åtta månaders ålder. Detta leder till lägre uppkomst av sjukdomar vilka annars kan påverka kalvens tillväxt och utveckling negativt. Diarré är den vanligaste sjukdomen hos kalvar yngre än 30 dagar. En kalv som har insjuknat löper tre gånger så stor risk att kalva in efter 30 månaders ålder jämfört med en frisk kalv. I åldern 3-7 månader drabbas nästan hälf-ten av alla kvigor av lunginflammation vilket kan resultera i att kvigan kalvar in tre månader senare än friska kalvar. Varje månad efter 24 månaders ålder då kvigan inte har kalvat in är en onödig uppfödnings-kostnad vilket kan påverka producentens ekonomi negativt. Litteraturöversikten visade att tillgång till grovfoder och kraftfoder, mängd konsumerad råmjölk och råmjölkens kvalité, utfodringsintensitet, diarré, lunginflammation, inhysningssystem och möjligheten till brunst-kontroll påverkar kvigornas inkalvningsålder och att alla dessa faktorer kan påverkas av pro-ducenten. En inkalvningsålder vid 24 månaders ålder och då kvigan har nått rätt vikt leder till bättre ekonomi. 2014-06-22 First cycle, G2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6922/11/wejdmark_e_140622.pdf Wejdmark, Elin, 2014. Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy. First cycle, G2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-670.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-3396 eng |
| spellingShingle | Animal genetics and breeding Wejdmark, Elin Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| title | Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| title_full | Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| title_fullStr | Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| title_short | Factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| title_sort | factors affecting the heifer´s age at pregnancy |
| topic | Animal genetics and breeding |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6922/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6922/ |