A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique
As the world´s population increases and people's living conditions are improving, larger areas are needed for houses as well as food production. This means that new areas are exploited and that people, livestock, blood sucking insects and wild animals are forced to live close together. In combinati...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Second cycle, A2E |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2014
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6616/ |
| _version_ | 1855571043534503936 |
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| author | Stenberg, Hedvig |
| author_browse | Stenberg, Hedvig |
| author_facet | Stenberg, Hedvig |
| author_sort | Stenberg, Hedvig |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | As the world´s population increases and people's living conditions are improving, larger areas are needed for houses as well as food production. This means that
new areas are exploited and that people, livestock, blood sucking insects and wild animals are forced to live close together. In combination with the global warming,
leading to extreme weather such as floods and storms, this allows both new and old pathogens to emerge. The number of "emerging infectious diseases", EIDs, has increased in recent years and many of them have their origin in poor, tropical countries. Moçambique is therefore considered to be a high risk area for EIDs.
Schmallenberg virus, SBV, was discovered in 2011 as an "emerging infectious disease" in dairy cows in Germany. The virus causes fever, diarrhea and reduced milk production in dairy cows as well as abortions and malformations in newborn
calves. From these cows could SBV be detected using metagenomic technique.
When the virus was identified in cows it soon was found in other ruminants, both wild and domestic. Hence it is mainly in cattle, sheep and goat the virus has led to
problems and financial losses.
Phyelogenetic studies showed that Schmallenberg virus is an Orthobunyavirus from the Simbu-serogroup. The virus is transmitted by biting midges, Culicoides spp, and thru its vector it has spread to large parts of Europe. The study done in Moçambique includes two parts, a serological screening for Schmallenberg virus in cattle, goats and sheep and a metagenomic study on viruses in mosquitoes in the Zambezia province. The samples were prepared and
analyzed at the lab at the University of Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Moçambique. The metagenomic study will be completed in Sweden at the State University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala.
When screening for Schmallenberg virus an ELISA kit "ID screen Schmallenberg virus Competition Multi-species" was used. In the study a majority of the tested animals were positive. Most animals were also positive when the serum was
diluted 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. The largest numbers of positive animals were found among the cattle where 100% tested positive. Among the sheep the average prevalence was 63% and among the goats 84%.
This is the first study on Schmallenberg virus made outside Europe. In Europe, no viruses cross-reacting with SBV are known and therefore this is not investigated. However, on the African continent, there are a large number of viruses that Schmallenberg virus potentially could cross-react with. Therefore, to confirm the positive- ELISA result further studies need to be done, isolating Schmallenberg
virus. |
| format | Second cycle, A2E |
| id | RepoSLU6616 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU66162014-09-05T11:00:25Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6616/ A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique Stenberg, Hedvig Animal diseases As the world´s population increases and people's living conditions are improving, larger areas are needed for houses as well as food production. This means that new areas are exploited and that people, livestock, blood sucking insects and wild animals are forced to live close together. In combination with the global warming, leading to extreme weather such as floods and storms, this allows both new and old pathogens to emerge. The number of "emerging infectious diseases", EIDs, has increased in recent years and many of them have their origin in poor, tropical countries. Moçambique is therefore considered to be a high risk area for EIDs. Schmallenberg virus, SBV, was discovered in 2011 as an "emerging infectious disease" in dairy cows in Germany. The virus causes fever, diarrhea and reduced milk production in dairy cows as well as abortions and malformations in newborn calves. From these cows could SBV be detected using metagenomic technique. When the virus was identified in cows it soon was found in other ruminants, both wild and domestic. Hence it is mainly in cattle, sheep and goat the virus has led to problems and financial losses. Phyelogenetic studies showed that Schmallenberg virus is an Orthobunyavirus from the Simbu-serogroup. The virus is transmitted by biting midges, Culicoides spp, and thru its vector it has spread to large parts of Europe. The study done in Moçambique includes two parts, a serological screening for Schmallenberg virus in cattle, goats and sheep and a metagenomic study on viruses in mosquitoes in the Zambezia province. The samples were prepared and analyzed at the lab at the University of Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Moçambique. The metagenomic study will be completed in Sweden at the State University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala. When screening for Schmallenberg virus an ELISA kit "ID screen Schmallenberg virus Competition Multi-species" was used. In the study a majority of the tested animals were positive. Most animals were also positive when the serum was diluted 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. The largest numbers of positive animals were found among the cattle where 100% tested positive. Among the sheep the average prevalence was 63% and among the goats 84%. This is the first study on Schmallenberg virus made outside Europe. In Europe, no viruses cross-reacting with SBV are known and therefore this is not investigated. However, on the African continent, there are a large number of viruses that Schmallenberg virus potentially could cross-react with. Therefore, to confirm the positive- ELISA result further studies need to be done, isolating Schmallenberg virus. I och med att jordens befolkning ökar och människors levnadsvillkor förbättras krävs större ytor för så väl bostäder som livsmedelsproduktion. Detta gör att nya områden exploateras och att människor, boskap, blodsugande insekter och vilda djur kommer att leva närmare allt varandra. I kombination med den globala uppvärmningen med mer extremväder, så som översvämningar och stormar, gör det att både nya och gamla patogener kan få stor spridning. Antalet ”emerging infectious diseases”, EIDs, har ökat de senaste åren och många av dem har sitt ursprung i fattiga, tropiska länder. Därför anses Moçambique vara ett högriskområde för EIDs. Schmallenbergvirus, SBV, upptäcktes 2011 som en ”emerging infectious disease” hos i mjölkkor Tyskland. Viruset gav upphov till en sjukdom med feber, diarré och sänkt mjölkproduktion hos mjölkkor. Från dessa kor kunde SBV detekterads med hjälp av metagenomisk teknik. En liten tid senare upptäcktes att viruset inte bara gav upphov till sjukdom hos vuxna djur utan även ledde till både aborter och missbildningar hos nyfödda kalvar. När viruset väl identifierats hos kor hittades det snart hos andra idisslare, både vilda och tama. Men det är framför allt hos produktionsdjur som kor, får och getter som sjukdomen lett till problem och ekonomiska förluster. Fyelogenetiska studier visade att Schmallenbergvirus är ett orthobunyavirus tillhörande simbuserogruppen. Viruset sprids med svidknott, Culicoides spp., och har med vektorns hjälp spridit sig till stora delar av Europa. Studien som gjordes i Moçambique inkluderar två delar, en serologisk screening för Schmallenbergvirus hos nötkreatur, get och får samt en metagenomisk studie på virus i myggor i Zambeziaprovinsen. Proverna preparerades och analyserades på labbet vid Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Moçambique. Den metagenomiska studien kommer att slutföras i Sverige på Statens lantbruksuniversitet i Uppsala. Vi serologisk undersökning med ELISA-kitet ”ID screen Schmallenberg virus Competition Multi-species” hade majoriteten av djuren SBV-neutraliserande antikroppar. De flesta djur var även positiva när serumet späddes 1:2, 1:4 och 1:8. Störst antal positiva djur fanns bland nötkreaturen där 100% testades positivt. Bland fåren var den genomsnittliga prevalensen 63% och bland getterna 84%. Detta är den första studie på Schmallenbergvirus som gjorts utanför Europa. I Europa finns inga andra virus tillhörande simbuserogruppen varför inga korsreagenstester är gjorda. På den Afrikanska kontinenten finns dock ett stort antal virus som Schmallenbergvirs kanske skulle kunna korsreagera med. För att fastställa ELISA-resultaten bör vidare studier göras där Schmallenbergvirs kan detekteras samt korsreagensstudier göras. 2014-04-14 Second cycle, A2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6616/11/stenberg_h_140904.pdf Stenberg, Hedvig, 2014. A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique : and preparations for a metagenomic survey of virus in mosquitoes. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-713.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-3690 eng |
| spellingShingle | Animal diseases Stenberg, Hedvig A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique |
| title | A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique |
| title_full | A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique |
| title_fullStr | A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique |
| title_full_unstemmed | A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique |
| title_short | A screening for Schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in Zambezia province, Moçambique |
| title_sort | screening for schmallenberg virus among sheep, goats and cattle in zambezia province, moçambique |
| topic | Animal diseases |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6616/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6616/ |