The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos
The demands for higher production yields and better quality materials from the forests are increasing globally. Tree breeding programs are directed to meet the future demands on forests. In order to capture the full benefits from the breeding programs, clonal propagation is necessary. For most conif...
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| Formato: | H2 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
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SLU/Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology
2012
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| _version_ | 1855570729865576448 |
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| author | Carlsson, Johanna |
| author_browse | Carlsson, Johanna |
| author_facet | Carlsson, Johanna |
| author_sort | Carlsson, Johanna |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | The demands for higher production yields and better quality materials from the forests are increasing globally. Tree breeding programs are directed to meet the future demands on forests. In order to capture the full benefits from the breeding programs, clonal propagation is necessary. For most conifer species, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the only available option for large scale clonal propagation of Elite clonal material. For Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), SE procedures suitable for laboratory scale propagation have been available since the mid-1980s. The SE technique has a great potential for mass propagation of conifer species; however the implementation in forestry for plant production has so far been hampered by the labor intensive procedures making the technique costly. SE involves a series of developmental processes, starting with induction of embryogenic cultures from an initial explant, multiplication of somatic embryos in the proliferation phase, early embryo differentiation, maturation and germination.
The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize how organic nitrogen affects the first emergence and formation of the root system in maturated and germinated Norway spruce somatic embryos and plants. The present study suggests that organic nitrogen (arginine) interacts with glutamine and positively affects embryo germination and root development. It was also observed that the amino acid D-serine inhibits embryo germination at the concentrations tested here, and had no visible positive effect on root development during germination. Image analysis of the development of root systems, in planted SE plants, showed no significant difference between plants treated with 5 mg ammonium nitrate or arginine 5 mg. However, analyses of the amino acid content revealed that plants treated with 10 and 5 mg arginine had higher amino acids content than plants treated with 10 and 5 mg ammonium nitrate, respectively, which might indicate that arginine was preferable to ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source.
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| format | H2 |
| id | RepoSLU4728 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU47282012-08-27T13:10:58Z The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos Effekt av arginin på rotutveckling av somatiska embryon i gran (Picea abies L. Karst) Carlsson, Johanna Somatic embryogenesis Picea abies Norway Spruce arginine ammonium root development root system analysis The demands for higher production yields and better quality materials from the forests are increasing globally. Tree breeding programs are directed to meet the future demands on forests. In order to capture the full benefits from the breeding programs, clonal propagation is necessary. For most conifer species, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the only available option for large scale clonal propagation of Elite clonal material. For Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), SE procedures suitable for laboratory scale propagation have been available since the mid-1980s. The SE technique has a great potential for mass propagation of conifer species; however the implementation in forestry for plant production has so far been hampered by the labor intensive procedures making the technique costly. SE involves a series of developmental processes, starting with induction of embryogenic cultures from an initial explant, multiplication of somatic embryos in the proliferation phase, early embryo differentiation, maturation and germination. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize how organic nitrogen affects the first emergence and formation of the root system in maturated and germinated Norway spruce somatic embryos and plants. The present study suggests that organic nitrogen (arginine) interacts with glutamine and positively affects embryo germination and root development. It was also observed that the amino acid D-serine inhibits embryo germination at the concentrations tested here, and had no visible positive effect on root development during germination. Image analysis of the development of root systems, in planted SE plants, showed no significant difference between plants treated with 5 mg ammonium nitrate or arginine 5 mg. However, analyses of the amino acid content revealed that plants treated with 10 and 5 mg arginine had higher amino acids content than plants treated with 10 and 5 mg ammonium nitrate, respectively, which might indicate that arginine was preferable to ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source. Kraven på skogsindustrin för högre produktionsvolymer och råvarukvalitet ökar globalt. Det skogliga förädlingsarbetet är därmed inriktat på att möta framtidens krav. För att ta bäst ta till vara på förbättringarna från förädlingsprogrammet är dock klonförökning nödvändig. För de flesta barrträdsarter är somatisk embryogenes (SE) det enda möjliga alternativet för storskalig produktion av klonat elitmaterial. Laborativa SE-metoder för gran (Picea abies L.Karst.) etablerades i mitten av 1980-talet. Det är i princip möjligt att använda SE-tekniken för massproduktion av granplantor, men den praktiska implementeringen inom skogsbruket har dröjt på grund av arbetsintensiva processer vilket gör SE-plantan dyr att framställa. SE- processen börjar med start av embryogena kulturer och följs därefter av massförökning av omogna somatiska embryon. De somatiska embryona genomgår därefter en mognadsfas innan de gror och utvecklas till plantor. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka och beskriva hur organiskt kväve påverkar utvecklingen av rotsystemet från mogna somatiska granembryon under groningen och planterad gran SE-plantor. Resultaten från studien indikerade att organiskt kväve (arginin) interagerar med glutamin och påverkar embryots groning samt dess rotutveckling positivt. Det observerades även att aminosyran D-serin hämmar embryo groning vid de koncentrationer som testades i studien och det fanns ingen synlig positiv effekt på rotutveckling under groning. Bildanalys av rotsystemen från de odlade SE-plantorna visade en signifikant skillnad mellan plantor behandlade med 5 mg arginin eller 10 mg arginin, 10 mg ammoniumnitrat och kontrollen utan något tillsatt kväve. Det upptäcktes ingen signifikant skillnad mellan plantorna behandlade med 5 mg arginin eller 5 mg ammoniumnitrat. Emellertid upptäcktes från analysen av aminosyra innehållet att plantorna som behandlats med 10 mg och 5 mg arginin hade högre aminosyra-innehåll än plantorna behandlade med 10 mg och 5 mg ammoniumnitrat, vilket skulle kunna indikera att SE plantor föredrog arginin som kvävekälla framför ammoniumnitrat. SLU/Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology 2012 H2 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/4728/ |
| spellingShingle | Somatic embryogenesis Picea abies Norway Spruce arginine ammonium root development root system analysis Carlsson, Johanna The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos |
| title | The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos |
| title_full | The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos |
| title_fullStr | The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos |
| title_short | The effect of arginine on root system development in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) somatic embryos |
| title_sort | effect of arginine on root system development in norway spruce (picea abies l. karst) somatic embryos |
| topic | Somatic embryogenesis Picea abies Norway Spruce arginine ammonium root development root system analysis |