Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan
Abstract One of the leading causes of food borne infections in the world is due to Salmonella by con-suming poultry products including eggs and meat. According to US Food and Drug Admin-istration (2009), 2 to 4 million cases of Salmonellosis in humans occur every year only in US. Salmonella causes...
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| Formato: | H2 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
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SLU/Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231)
2012
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855570728340946944 |
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| author | Maqsood, Asif |
| author_browse | Maqsood, Asif |
| author_facet | Maqsood, Asif |
| author_sort | Maqsood, Asif |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Abstract
One of the leading causes of food borne infections in the world is due to Salmonella by con-suming poultry products including eggs and meat. According to US Food and Drug Admin-istration (2009), 2 to 4 million cases of Salmonellosis in humans occur every year only in US. Salmonella causes wide range of diseases with enteric and typhoid fever, food poisoning, di-arrhea and gastro-enteritis. Many serotypes of Salmonella do not have host specificity and cause disease in all kinds of animals and humans. Salmonella has capability to modify accord-ing to the changing environment and it can develop resistance against routine elimination practices of sanitation, chemical treatments and antibacterial drugs.
Newly established poultry industries in Pakistan are confronting various infectious diseases including Salmonellosis while in Sweden Salmonella prevalence in animal products con-sumed for humans is extremely low. Poultry feed is considered to be the main source of trans-fer of Salmonella into poultry flocks. Dust, cooling system and feed ingredients can be major sources of Salmonella contamination during the feed milling process. Feed ingredients and environment which harbors Salmonella can mix contamination in feed which results in the cross contamination from feed to the animals.
The aim of this master thesis was to isolate Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae during the milling process in the poultry feed industry of Pakistan. Furthermore, to introduce the techniques and prevention methods for the control of Salmonella which has been successfully practiced in Sweden and other developed countries.
During the study, four feed mills producing poultry feed and 20 poultry farms consuming the feed from same mill were visited. Samples were collected from different compartments to isolate and identify Salmonella and ENT in the poultry feed production line. These compart-ments included raw material storage (RM), dosing bin (DB), mixer (MX), pellet making (PM), cooler (CL) and finished feed packaging (FF) along with storage bin of poultry farms. The results showed a 65.8% average contamination rate in the feed which was considered as an alarming situation for the poultry feed industry of Pakistan.
There is dire need to develop a better understanding and assist poultry stakeholders to reduce Salmonella invasion in poultry industry in developing countries, including Pakistan. Routine bacteriological supervision of the feed production in factories needed to be monitored. Since Salmonella pathogenesis is complex, thermal process and pelleting may not be enough meth-ods to eliminate the Salmonella completely from feed. Recontamination may be occurring during cooling or transportation. The future perspective of this study is to introduce the knowledge to keep the whole chain of poultry production free from Salmonella |
| format | H2 |
| id | RepoSLU4720 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231) |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231) |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU47202012-08-29T12:40:35Z Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan Förekomst av salmonella inom fjäderfäindustrin i Pakistan Maqsood, Asif Poultry Feed Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae Pakistan Abstract One of the leading causes of food borne infections in the world is due to Salmonella by con-suming poultry products including eggs and meat. According to US Food and Drug Admin-istration (2009), 2 to 4 million cases of Salmonellosis in humans occur every year only in US. Salmonella causes wide range of diseases with enteric and typhoid fever, food poisoning, di-arrhea and gastro-enteritis. Many serotypes of Salmonella do not have host specificity and cause disease in all kinds of animals and humans. Salmonella has capability to modify accord-ing to the changing environment and it can develop resistance against routine elimination practices of sanitation, chemical treatments and antibacterial drugs. Newly established poultry industries in Pakistan are confronting various infectious diseases including Salmonellosis while in Sweden Salmonella prevalence in animal products con-sumed for humans is extremely low. Poultry feed is considered to be the main source of trans-fer of Salmonella into poultry flocks. Dust, cooling system and feed ingredients can be major sources of Salmonella contamination during the feed milling process. Feed ingredients and environment which harbors Salmonella can mix contamination in feed which results in the cross contamination from feed to the animals. The aim of this master thesis was to isolate Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae during the milling process in the poultry feed industry of Pakistan. Furthermore, to introduce the techniques and prevention methods for the control of Salmonella which has been successfully practiced in Sweden and other developed countries. During the study, four feed mills producing poultry feed and 20 poultry farms consuming the feed from same mill were visited. Samples were collected from different compartments to isolate and identify Salmonella and ENT in the poultry feed production line. These compart-ments included raw material storage (RM), dosing bin (DB), mixer (MX), pellet making (PM), cooler (CL) and finished feed packaging (FF) along with storage bin of poultry farms. The results showed a 65.8% average contamination rate in the feed which was considered as an alarming situation for the poultry feed industry of Pakistan. There is dire need to develop a better understanding and assist poultry stakeholders to reduce Salmonella invasion in poultry industry in developing countries, including Pakistan. Routine bacteriological supervision of the feed production in factories needed to be monitored. Since Salmonella pathogenesis is complex, thermal process and pelleting may not be enough meth-ods to eliminate the Salmonella completely from feed. Recontamination may be occurring during cooling or transportation. The future perspective of this study is to introduce the knowledge to keep the whole chain of poultry production free from Salmonella Sammanfattning En av de främsta orsakerna till livsmedelsburna infektioner i världen beror på konsumtion av salmonellasmittade fjäderfäprodukter, inklusive ägg och kött. Enligt US Food and Drug Ad-ministration (2009), inträffar 2 till 4 miljoner fall av salmonella hos människa varje år bara i USA. Salmonella orsakar många sjukdomar med enterisk och tyfoid feber, matförgiftning, diarré och gastroenterit. Många serotyper av Salmonella har inte värdspecificitet och orsakar sjukdom i alla typer av djur och människor. Salmonella har förmåga att förändras beroende på förändringar i omgivningen och kan utveckla resistens mot rutinmässiga elimineringsmetoder av rengöring, kemiska behandlingar och antibakteriella läkemedel. Nyetablerade fjäderfäindustrier i Pakistan möter olika infektionssjukdomar, inklusive Salmo-nella, medan det i Sverige är mycket låg risk för salmonella i animaliska livsmedel. Foder anses vara den viktigaste källan till överföring av salmonellasmitta till fjäderfäbesättningar. Damm, kylsystem och foderingredienser kan vara en stor källa för Salmonellakontaminering under fodertillverkningen. Foderingredienser och miljö som härbärgerar Salmonella kan or-saka kontaminering i foder, vilket resulterar i smittspridning från foder till djuren. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att isolera Salmonella och andra Enterobacteriaceae un-der tillverkningsprocessen av fjäderfäfoder i Pakistan. Dessutom, önskar man introducera de tekniker och metoder för salmonellakontroll som med framgång har praktiserats i Sverige och andra utvecklade länder. Under studien har man besökt fyra foderfabriker som tillverkar fjäderfäfoder och 20 fjäderfä-gårdar som köper foder från samma fabriker. Prover samlades in från olika avdelningar för att isolera och identifiera salmonella och enterobakterier i produktionslinjen för fjäderfäfoder. De undersökta avdelningarna var råvarulagring (RM), dosering (DB), mixer (MX), pelletstill-verkning (PM), kylare (CL) och packningen av färdigt foder (FF) tillsammans med lagerut-rymmet på fjäderfägårdarna. Resultaten visade en genomsnittlig kontaminering med 65,8% i fodret, vilket betraktas som en alarmerande situation för fjäderfäfoderindustrin i Pakistan. Det är ett stort behov av att utveckla en bättre förståelse och att hjälpa fjäderfäintressenter att minska salmonellaspridningen inom fjäderfäindustrin i utvecklingsländerna, inklusive Paki-stan. Rutinmässig bakteriologisk övervakning av foderproduktionen i fabrikerna behöver till-lämpas. Eftersom Salmonellans patogenes är komplex, är kanske inte upphettningen under pelleteringen en tillräcklig metod för att helt eliminera salmonella i foder. Återkontaminering kan förekomma under kylning eller transport. Det framtida målet efter denna studie är att förmedla kunskap för att hålla hela kedjan inom fjäderfäproduktionen fri från salmonella. SLU/Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231) 2012 H2 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/4720/ |
| spellingShingle | Poultry Feed Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae Pakistan Maqsood, Asif Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan |
| title | Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan |
| title_full | Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan |
| title_short | Salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in Pakistan |
| title_sort | salmonella prevalence in the poultry feed industry in pakistan |
| topic | Poultry Feed Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae Pakistan |