Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4
Inventories of epiphytic lichens on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were conducted at three sites in east central Sweden: along the newly build motorway (Road E4), along the old road (Road 600) and in a reference site, to compare the effects of traffic pollution on lichen diversities. At each site, sp...
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| Format: | H2 |
| Language: | Inglés Swedish |
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SLU/Dept. of Ecology
2011
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| _version_ | 1855570587673427968 |
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| author | Okuyama, Chiho |
| author_browse | Okuyama, Chiho |
| author_facet | Okuyama, Chiho |
| author_sort | Okuyama, Chiho |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Inventories of epiphytic lichens on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were conducted at three sites in east central Sweden: along the newly build motorway (Road E4), along the old road (Road 600) and in a reference site, to compare the effects of traffic pollution on lichen diversities. At each site, species richness, lichen mean sensitivity value (MK), air quality index of the forest stand/sample plot (LKI) and nitrogen impact value (N) were calculated and it was tested if there was any difference between the sites. Twenty-four species were observed in total, and Parmeliopsis ambigua and Hypogymnia physodes were the most common species at all sites. At Road E4, fewer lichen species were observed than at the other sites and this might be due to the impact of air pollution. The species richness at Road 600 was similar to that of the reference site, which might be explained by the improved air quality. These results imply that some lichens may disappear or recover at fast pace with the change in pollution intensities. Yet, lack of previous lichen data prevented further analysis of the impact of air pollution on the lichen diversity. In terms of the air quality indices, they did not result in the expected pattern of better air quality at a lower-polluting site since the results were influenced by the only minor differences. Hence, the results of the air quality assessment based on these indices were not reliable in this study. Furthermore, the nitrogen impact value was not the relevant index since all the recorded species were acidophytes. The study area was a forest environment with high microenvironmental variables and a relatively low pollution level.
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| format | H2 |
| id | RepoSLU3777 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Ecology |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Ecology |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU37772012-04-20T14:24:31Z Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 Epifytisk lavflora längs E4:an relaterad till olika trafikintensitet Okuyama, Chiho Bioindicator Air pollution Species richness Sensitivity Recolonisation Disappearance Forest ecosystem Inventories of epiphytic lichens on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were conducted at three sites in east central Sweden: along the newly build motorway (Road E4), along the old road (Road 600) and in a reference site, to compare the effects of traffic pollution on lichen diversities. At each site, species richness, lichen mean sensitivity value (MK), air quality index of the forest stand/sample plot (LKI) and nitrogen impact value (N) were calculated and it was tested if there was any difference between the sites. Twenty-four species were observed in total, and Parmeliopsis ambigua and Hypogymnia physodes were the most common species at all sites. At Road E4, fewer lichen species were observed than at the other sites and this might be due to the impact of air pollution. The species richness at Road 600 was similar to that of the reference site, which might be explained by the improved air quality. These results imply that some lichens may disappear or recover at fast pace with the change in pollution intensities. Yet, lack of previous lichen data prevented further analysis of the impact of air pollution on the lichen diversity. In terms of the air quality indices, they did not result in the expected pattern of better air quality at a lower-polluting site since the results were influenced by the only minor differences. Hence, the results of the air quality assessment based on these indices were not reliable in this study. Furthermore, the nitrogen impact value was not the relevant index since all the recorded species were acidophytes. The study area was a forest environment with high microenvironmental variables and a relatively low pollution level. En lav är en symbiotisk enhet som består av en svamp och en grönalg eller en cyanobakterie. Lavar är känsliga för luftföroreningar och sedan 1800-talet har de använts för att mäta luft-föroreningar. Trots att lavar är användbara indikatorer, är det fortfarande oklart hur snabbt de kan reagera på förändringen av luftkvaliteten. Vägtrafikens luftföroreningar skapar bland annat miljöproblem som påverkar såväl människor som djur och växter. Det finns olika föroreningsämnen som släpps ut ur förbranningsmotorer, t.ex. svävedioxid (SO2), kväveoxider (NOx), ozon (O3), polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH), flyktiga organiska ämnen (VOC) och partiklar. I Sverige har halten av förorenings-ämnena i luften ständigt minskat, tack vare statens strängare utsläppsregler och nya miljövänligare bilar. Dock ökar samtidigt antalet bilar i landet och av denna anledning är det svårt att nå de uppsatta miljömålen. Syftet med denna studie var att klargöra effekten av bilutsläpp på epifytiska lavar och att pröva hypotesen: det finns skillnad i mångfald av lavar på tallar mellan tre områden: (1) Väg 600 – en gammal väg som var huvudled mellan Uppsala och Gävle innan 2007, (2) E4:an – en ny motorväg mellan Uppsala och Gävle som invigdes under hösten 2007 och (3) ett referensområde som är opåverkat av luftföroreningar. Områdena är belägna i Tierps kommun. Totalt hittades 24 lavarter och Parmeliopsis ambigua och Hypogymnia physodes var de vanligaste arterna i alla områdena. Medelartrikedomen var högst i referensområdet, men Väg 600 hade nästan lika hög medelartrikedom som referensområdet. Detta kan antagligen bero på den förbättrade luftkvaliteten. Däremot hade E4:an den lägsta artdiversiteten och detta kanske kan härledas ur den kraftiga ökningen av bilutsläpp. De resultaten antyder att vissa känsliga arter kan försvinna eller återkomma snabbt. Dock kunde detta påstående inte verifieras i denna studie på grund av inga tidigare inventeringsdata. Angående de tre luftkvalitets-indexmetoderna var de inte tillförlitliga för luftkvalitetsuppskattningen eftersom det fanns små skillnader i värden mellan de tre olika områdena. Kvävetal var inte heller den en relevant metod, för lavarna som hittades i alla områdena var inte kvävegynnande arter. Denna studie utfördes i skogen där även andra miljövariabler kan påverka mångfald av lavar. Dessutom hade Tierps kommun ett relativt låg luftföroreningsvärde. I en sådan miljö är det svårt att särskilja luftföroreningseffekten. SLU/Dept. of Ecology 2011 H2 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/3777/ |
| spellingShingle | Bioindicator Air pollution Species richness Sensitivity Recolonisation Disappearance Forest ecosystem Okuyama, Chiho Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 |
| title | Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 |
| title_full | Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 |
| title_fullStr | Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 |
| title_short | Epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway E4 |
| title_sort | epiphytic lichens associated with different traffic intensities along the highway e4 |
| topic | Bioindicator Air pollution Species richness Sensitivity Recolonisation Disappearance Forest ecosystem |