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Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds

Influenza D virus, IDV, is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and was discovered in North America, 2011. The virus was first found in swine but has since then been found in a broad range of hosts. Studies have shown that cattle appear to be the main reservoir. The epidemiology of IDV is not ful...

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Autor principal: Eriksson, Axel
Formato: Second cycle, A2E
Lenguaje:sueco
Inglés
Publicado: 2021
Materias:
Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects
Animal diseases
Acceso en línea:https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/16918/
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author Eriksson, Axel
author_browse Eriksson, Axel
author_facet Eriksson, Axel
author_sort Eriksson, Axel
collection Epsilon Archive for Student Projects
description Influenza D virus, IDV, is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and was discovered in North America, 2011. The virus was first found in swine but has since then been found in a broad range of hosts. Studies have shown that cattle appear to be the main reservoir. The epidemiology of IDV is not fully understood, but it appears to be transmitted through direct-contact and aerosols in cattle. Experimental studies on calves have shown that IDV can infect both the upper- and lower respiratory tract but only cause mild respiratory clinical signs. Histological examinations following experimental infection have shown that IDV mainly cases cause epithelial neutrophil infiltration and mild epithelial attenuation. Immunologically there is evidence suggesting that IDV can inhibit the immune response in the host. The threat posed by IDV is the link between it and bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Studies have found that IDV is often prevalent in cattle suffering from BRD and it has been suggested that IDV infections can promote the development of BRD. This study aimed to continue the surveillance and mapping of Influenza D among dairy cattle in Sweden where a former study left off to further explore the prevalence and dynamics of IDV in Sweden. To assess the situation, 338 bulk tank milk samples were collected and analysed with an in-house indirect ELISA. The results from the study suggest that the seroprevalence of IDV in Swedish dairy herds has increased since 2019. It also appears as the seroprevalence for IDV is much higher in southern Sweden. Based on the statistical analysis performed, larger herds seem to be more likely to be positive. However, the difference in mean PP-values was not significantly different between each herd size category. This could be an indication that there are certain age groups in the herds that have elevated antibody levels.
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spelling RepoSLU169182021-07-02T11:45:57Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/16918/ Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds Eriksson, Axel Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Animal diseases Influenza D virus, IDV, is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and was discovered in North America, 2011. The virus was first found in swine but has since then been found in a broad range of hosts. Studies have shown that cattle appear to be the main reservoir. The epidemiology of IDV is not fully understood, but it appears to be transmitted through direct-contact and aerosols in cattle. Experimental studies on calves have shown that IDV can infect both the upper- and lower respiratory tract but only cause mild respiratory clinical signs. Histological examinations following experimental infection have shown that IDV mainly cases cause epithelial neutrophil infiltration and mild epithelial attenuation. Immunologically there is evidence suggesting that IDV can inhibit the immune response in the host. The threat posed by IDV is the link between it and bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Studies have found that IDV is often prevalent in cattle suffering from BRD and it has been suggested that IDV infections can promote the development of BRD. This study aimed to continue the surveillance and mapping of Influenza D among dairy cattle in Sweden where a former study left off to further explore the prevalence and dynamics of IDV in Sweden. To assess the situation, 338 bulk tank milk samples were collected and analysed with an in-house indirect ELISA. The results from the study suggest that the seroprevalence of IDV in Swedish dairy herds has increased since 2019. It also appears as the seroprevalence for IDV is much higher in southern Sweden. Based on the statistical analysis performed, larger herds seem to be more likely to be positive. However, the difference in mean PP-values was not significantly different between each herd size category. This could be an indication that there are certain age groups in the herds that have elevated antibody levels. Influensa D virus, IDV, är en av medlemmarna i familjen Orthomyxoviridae och upptäcktes i Nordamerika under 2011. Viruset hittades först i svin men har sedan dess återfunnits i ett brett spektrum av värddjur. Studier har visat att nötkreatur verkar vara reservoar. Epidemiologin för IDV är inte helt klarlagd, men det verkar överföras genom direktkontakt och aerosoler hos nötkreatur. Experimentella studier på kalvar har visat att IDV kan infektera både övre- och nedre luftvägarna, men att det i de flesta fall endast orsakar milda respiratoriska kliniska tecken. Histologiska undersökningar efter experimentell infektion har visat att IDV huvudsakligen försvagar epitelet i luftvägarna och orsakar epitelial neutrofilinfiltration. Immunologiskt finns det bevis som tyder på att IDV kan hämma immunförsvaret i värddjuret. Studier har visat att IDV ofta förekommer hos nötkreatur som drabbats av bovine respiratory disease (BRD) och det har föreslagits att IDVinfektioner kan främja utvecklingen av BRD. Syftet med denna studie var att fortsätta övervakningen och kartläggningen av seroprevalensen för IDV i svenska mjölkbesättningar. En första studie på detta utfördes 2019 och tanken var att studierna skulle kunna jämföras för att påvisa förändrad förekomst och eventuella dynamiker. För att bedöma situationen samlades det in 338 mjölktanksprover och dessa analyserades med en intern indirekt ELISA. Resultaten från studien tyder på att seroprevalensen för IDV har ökat hos svenska mjölkbesättningar sedan 2019. Det verkar även som att seroprevalensen är mycket högre i södra Sverige. Baserat på den utförda statistiska analysen verkar större besättningar vara mer benägna att vara positiva för IDV. Skillnaden i genomsnittliga PP-värden skilde sig dock inte signifikant mellan storlekskategorierna. Detta skulle kunna vara en indikation på att förhöjda nivåer av IDV-antikroppar förekommer i en specifik åldersgrupp, inte hela besättningar. 2021-06-28 Second cycle, A2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/16918/1/eriksson_a_210126.pdf Eriksson, Axel, 2021. Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Clinical Sciences (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-715.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-16918 eng
spellingShingle Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects
Animal diseases
Eriksson, Axel
Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds
title Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds
title_full Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds
title_fullStr Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds
title_full_unstemmed Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds
title_short Mapping the seroprevalence of influenza D virus in Swedish dairy herds
title_sort mapping the seroprevalence of influenza d virus in swedish dairy herds
topic Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects
Animal diseases
url https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/16918/
https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/16918/

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