Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020
Hydrogen has been suggested as a way to decarbonise the global energy system for decades but has yet to have a breakthrough on the European energy market. For the past decade, the efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the European energy market have increased, leading to rapid changes and a decline...
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| Formato: | H3 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
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SLU/Dept. of Energy and Technology
2020
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855572727471013888 |
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| author | Leao, Theodorik |
| author_browse | Leao, Theodorik |
| author_facet | Leao, Theodorik |
| author_sort | Leao, Theodorik |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Hydrogen has been suggested as a way to decarbonise the global energy system for decades but has yet to have a breakthrough on the European energy market. For the past decade, the efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the European energy market have increased, leading to rapid changes and a decline in costs of renewable energy. These efforts to reduce carbon emissions, combined with difficulties of decarbonising in several sectors due to few viable alternatives, surged the interest in hydrogen as a possible solution. This thesis investigates how large scale production of hydrogen via electrolysers can be integrated into a future power system with high shares of renewable energy capacity. Based on a literature review, a scenario for the year 2050 was constructed with the aim to identify sectors with potential hydrogen demand in the future. The scenario focuses on Germany and the United Kingdom and was implemented in a power market dispatch model called Bid3 to analyse its effects on the European energy system. The hydrogen demand was estimated to 225 TWh for Germany and 157 TWh for the United Kingdom whereas the necessary storage capacity for the two countries was identified to between 20 to 24 TWh. The sectors with the largest hydrogen potential were identified as the residential and commercial heating sector as well as the heavy vehicle transportation sector. Moreover, the implementation of hydrogen managed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 88.8 M tonnes CO2-eq per year. The implemented electrolysers showed great synergy with renewable energy capacity by improving the flexibility of the power system. As a result, it also reduced the severity of price crashes due to oversupply of renewable energy generation. However, even with installed electrolysers, the high share of renewable energy capacity caused several hours of wholesale power price close to zero. Hence, the scenario highlighted the difficulties of obtaining a power system with a high share of renewable capacity within the regulations of the current power market. |
| format | H3 |
| id | RepoSLU16331 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Energy and Technology |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Energy and Technology |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU163312020-12-15T02:01:46Z Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 Integrering av grön vätgasproduktion i de europeiska energisystemen Leao, Theodorik electrolysis PEM energy-market power-to-X P2X hydrogen-economy sustainable Hydrogen has been suggested as a way to decarbonise the global energy system for decades but has yet to have a breakthrough on the European energy market. For the past decade, the efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the European energy market have increased, leading to rapid changes and a decline in costs of renewable energy. These efforts to reduce carbon emissions, combined with difficulties of decarbonising in several sectors due to few viable alternatives, surged the interest in hydrogen as a possible solution. This thesis investigates how large scale production of hydrogen via electrolysers can be integrated into a future power system with high shares of renewable energy capacity. Based on a literature review, a scenario for the year 2050 was constructed with the aim to identify sectors with potential hydrogen demand in the future. The scenario focuses on Germany and the United Kingdom and was implemented in a power market dispatch model called Bid3 to analyse its effects on the European energy system. The hydrogen demand was estimated to 225 TWh for Germany and 157 TWh for the United Kingdom whereas the necessary storage capacity for the two countries was identified to between 20 to 24 TWh. The sectors with the largest hydrogen potential were identified as the residential and commercial heating sector as well as the heavy vehicle transportation sector. Moreover, the implementation of hydrogen managed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 88.8 M tonnes CO2-eq per year. The implemented electrolysers showed great synergy with renewable energy capacity by improving the flexibility of the power system. As a result, it also reduced the severity of price crashes due to oversupply of renewable energy generation. However, even with installed electrolysers, the high share of renewable energy capacity caused several hours of wholesale power price close to zero. Hence, the scenario highlighted the difficulties of obtaining a power system with a high share of renewable capacity within the regulations of the current power market. Den europeiska energimarknaden ändras snabbt till följd av sjunkande kostnader för förnybar energi och politisk vilja att reducera växthusutsläpp. Detta tillsammans med svårigheter att byta ut kolbaserade produkter inom en del sektorer har lett till ett ökat intresse för vätgas som en potentiell del av lösningen. Denna uppsats analyserar hur storskalig vätgasproduktion med elektrolys kan integreras i ett framtida elsystem med stor andel förnybar energi. Ett scenario för 2050 utformades för att identifiera den potentiella efterfrågan av vätgas i flera sektorer. Scenariot fokuserade på Tyskland och Storbritannien vilket implementerades i elsystemsmodellen Bid3 för att analysera effekterna på energisystemen i Europa. Efterfrågan på vätgas uppskattades till 225 TWh för Tyskland och 157 TWh för Storbritannien, vilket täcktes av nationell produktion via elektrolys och de sektorer med störst uppskattad efterfrågan identifierades som värmesektorn samt transportsektorn. Genom produktion av vätgas som ersatte kolbaserade bränslen och produkter, kunde utsläppen reduceras med 88.8 M ton CO2-ekv per år. Vätgasproduktion med elektrolys i förbindelse till elnätet ökade också flexibiliteten i elsystemet. Detta ledde till större motstånd vid prisras som kan uppstå vid överproduktion av förnybar energi. Dock ledde det konstruerade scenariot trots vätgasproduktion till ett stort antal timmar med låga elpriser, vilket visar på svårigheter i att integrera stora mängder förnybar energi i den nuvarande elmarknaden. SLU/Dept. of Energy and Technology 2020 H3 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/16331/ |
| spellingShingle | electrolysis PEM energy-market power-to-X P2X hydrogen-economy sustainable Leao, Theodorik Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| title | Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| title_full | Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| title_short | Integration of green hydrogen in the European energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| title_sort | integration of green hydrogen in the european energy systems : technical maturity and impact assessment of hydrogen utilisation in 2020 |
| topic | electrolysis PEM energy-market power-to-X P2X hydrogen-economy sustainable |