Bromerade flamskyddsmedel (PBDE) i fisk och sediment – en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie av tio svenska referenssjöar
Flame retardants are used in plastics, fabrics, furnishing foam and electronics to reduce their fire hazards. The kind of brominated flame retardants presented in this study are the PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Because their molecular structures are similar to PCBs, there is a fear that...
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco sueco |
| Publicado: |
2020
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15371/ |
| Sumario: | Flame retardants are used in plastics, fabrics, furnishing foam and electronics to reduce their
fire hazards. The kind of brominated flame retardants presented in this study are the PBDEs,
polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Because their molecular structures are similar to PCBs, there
is a fear that these substances are environmental hazards as the PCBs, by decreasing the
thyroid hormone levels. Lower brominated PBDEs are found to cause deterioration of
memory capacity, learning capability, and motoric behaviour. There is a discussion going on
whether the higher brominated PBDEs have the same effect. During the last decades the level
of PBDEs in the environment has increased. Two cases that have drawn much attention to the
PBDEs are the discoveries of PBDEs in eggs of peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and in
breast milk in Swedish women.
The aim of this study is to investigate the background levels of PBDEs in Swedish reference
lakes and to compare them with other areas with or without direct local influence. The study
consists of two parts. The first part is a literature study about PBDEs in biota and sediments in
different parts of the world. The literature study shows that, in all countries, sediment and
biota samples taken from industrial areas and sewage sludge have high levels of PBDEs due
to direct local influence from e.g. foam manufacturing industries or textile industries. Biota
and sediment samples far from direct local industrial effluents have low levels of PBDEs, if
detectable at all. The second part of this study presents the results of a screening study of
PBDEs in perch (Perca fluviatilis) and sediments from ten Swedish reference lakes. Only
three perches out of 79 investigated from the reference lakes contained PBDEs above the
detection level, 1 ng/g dw, and all these samples where just above the detection level. The
other 76 perches and all the sediment samples had PBDE levels under the detection limit. The
levels of PBDEs in this study are in accordance with screening studies of non-point source
locations in other countries. |
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