Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow
In the urge to mitigate the negative impact of weeds, like reduced yields, both agricultural and horticultural production have heavily relied on herbicides for weed control. This has led to vast environmental problems like human health risks and negative impact on biodiversity. Consequently, othe...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | M2 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Dept. of Biosystems and Technology (from 130101)
2019
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855572541261742080 |
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| author | Helgesson, Harald |
| author_browse | Helgesson, Harald |
| author_facet | Helgesson, Harald |
| author_sort | Helgesson, Harald |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | In the urge to mitigate the negative impact of weeds, like reduced yields, both agricultural and
horticultural production have heavily relied on herbicides for weed control. This has led to
vast environmental problems like human health risks and negative impact on biodiversity.
Consequently, other measures relying more on the ecological properties controlling weeds
have been explored. One such attribute is the competitive ability of crops. Intercropping is
one method of increasing the competitive ability of crops against weeds regarding acquisition
of light, nutrients and space. Field pea, Pisum sativum, and spring barley, Hordeum vulgare,
are a good combination for intercropping with weed suppression effect. Sole cropping of oat,
Avena sativa, has also a highly competitive ability against weeds. The weed seed bank is the
viable weed seeds in the soil and evaluation of its composition can give indications of soil,
crop and weed management. The aim of this thesis is to examine the weed seed bank of
organic crop rotations in Alnarp, Sweden. The aim is also to see if there is an impact of
intercropping of pea and barely on the weed seed bank compared to sole cropping of pea and
oats and the weed management technique black fallow. The most abundant species in the
weed seed bank in the organic crop rotations in Alnarp were similar with two other seed
banks related to organic crop rotation in Scandinavia. The Alnarp seed bank had however a
higher species richness. Analysis could not detect any significant difference in impact from
the treatments intercropping pea+barley, sole crop pea, sole crop oat and black fallow on the
weed seed bank. In the present study it was concluded that weed seed bank assessments could
be an uncertain method if the treatments have similar characteristics and the assessment is
done after only one cropping season. Treatments that have similar characteristics need to go
on for a longer time for the effects to be visible in analysis. However, this study constitutes a
good baseline for future research on the weed seed bank and the impact from intercropping
and sole cropping. |
| format | M2 |
| id | RepoSLU15211 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Biosystems and Technology (from 130101) |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Biosystems and Technology (from 130101) |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU152112020-05-29T13:15:29Z Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow Bedömning av ogräsfröbanken i ekologisk växtföljd : jämförande studie av den ogräshämmande effekten från samodling av ärta och korn, med monokulturer och svart träda Helgesson, Harald weed management crop competitive ability black fallow organic crop production Pisum sativum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa In the urge to mitigate the negative impact of weeds, like reduced yields, both agricultural and horticultural production have heavily relied on herbicides for weed control. This has led to vast environmental problems like human health risks and negative impact on biodiversity. Consequently, other measures relying more on the ecological properties controlling weeds have been explored. One such attribute is the competitive ability of crops. Intercropping is one method of increasing the competitive ability of crops against weeds regarding acquisition of light, nutrients and space. Field pea, Pisum sativum, and spring barley, Hordeum vulgare, are a good combination for intercropping with weed suppression effect. Sole cropping of oat, Avena sativa, has also a highly competitive ability against weeds. The weed seed bank is the viable weed seeds in the soil and evaluation of its composition can give indications of soil, crop and weed management. The aim of this thesis is to examine the weed seed bank of organic crop rotations in Alnarp, Sweden. The aim is also to see if there is an impact of intercropping of pea and barely on the weed seed bank compared to sole cropping of pea and oats and the weed management technique black fallow. The most abundant species in the weed seed bank in the organic crop rotations in Alnarp were similar with two other seed banks related to organic crop rotation in Scandinavia. The Alnarp seed bank had however a higher species richness. Analysis could not detect any significant difference in impact from the treatments intercropping pea+barley, sole crop pea, sole crop oat and black fallow on the weed seed bank. In the present study it was concluded that weed seed bank assessments could be an uncertain method if the treatments have similar characteristics and the assessment is done after only one cropping season. Treatments that have similar characteristics need to go on for a longer time for the effects to be visible in analysis. However, this study constitutes a good baseline for future research on the weed seed bank and the impact from intercropping and sole cropping. I strävan efter att mildra de negativa effekterna orsakade av ogräs, som till exempel lägre skördar, har jordbruket och trädgårdsodlingen till hög grad förlitat sig på användning av herbicider. Detta har lett till omfattande miljöproblem. En konsekvens av detta har varit ett ökat intresse i att utforska de ekologiska egenskaper som kontrollerar ogräs. En sådan egenskap är grödans konkurrenskraft. Samodling är en metod att öka konkurrenskraften hos grödor i relation till ogräs när det kommer till tillgängliggörandet av bland annat näring, ljus och utrymme. Samodling av Ärta, Pisum sativum och Korn, Hordeum vulgare, är en önskad och bra kombination som har ogräshämmande effekt enligt litteraturen. Havre, Avena sativa, har också en hög konkurrenskraft mot ogräs. Ogräsfröbanken är alla levande frön i jorden och utvärdering av denna kan ge viktig information om ogräspopulationen och indikationer av jordbearbetning, skötsel av gröda och ogräs. Ett av syftena med denna uppsats var att beskriva vilka ogräs som finns i fröbanken i en ekologisk växtföljd i Alnarp, i södra Sverige. Syftet var också att undersöka om samodling av ärta och korn påverkar ogräsfröbanken jämfört med de tre olika behandlingarna monokultur av ärta, monokultur av havre och svart träda. Studien visade att ogräsfröbanken i Alnarp hade likande sammansättning av dominerande ogräsarter som två andra skandinaviska försök vilka också studerade ekologisk växtföljd och hur det påverkade ogräsfröbanken. Dock hade växtföljden i Alnarp en mer artrik ogräsfröbank jämfört med de två andra skandinaviska växtföljderna. Det gick inte att se någon signifikant skillnad mellan behandlingarna av samodling av ärta+korn, monokultur av ärta, monokultur av havre och svart träda i deras påverkan på ogräsfröbanken. Det konstaterades att undersökning av ogräsfröbanken kunde vara en osäker metod för att se påverkan av ogräshämmande effekt om behandlingarna är för lika varandra samtidigt som behandlingarna enbart är ettåriga. För experimentet i Alnarp förutspås det att behandlingarna behöver pågå under längre tid för att effekterna på ogräsfröbanken ska få genomslag i analyser. Även om denna studie inte kunde påvisa några skillnader mellan behandlingarna så utgör den ett gott referensvärde för fortsatta studier på ogräsfröbanken i Alnarp och påverkan av samodling och monokulturer på denna. SLU/Dept. of Biosystems and Technology (from 130101) 2019 M2 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15211/ |
| spellingShingle | weed management crop competitive ability black fallow organic crop production Pisum sativum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa Helgesson, Harald Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| title | Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| title_full | Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| title_fullStr | Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| title_short | Weed Seed Bank Assessment in Organic Crop Rotations : Comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| title_sort | weed seed bank assessment in organic crop rotations : comparing the weed suppression effect from intercropping field pea and spring barley, with sole cropping and black fallow |
| topic | weed management crop competitive ability black fallow organic crop production Pisum sativum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa |