The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation
Today, around 55% of the world’s forests are already managed for timber pro-duction and other values. The need for actions concerning the fast decline in biodiversity was in the late 20th century met by the uprising of retention forest-ry. Retention forestry integrates conservation in commercially m...
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| Formato: | H2 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
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SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management
2019
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855572530337677312 |
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| author | Lindblad, Jan |
| author_browse | Lindblad, Jan |
| author_facet | Lindblad, Jan |
| author_sort | Lindblad, Jan |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Today, around 55% of the world’s forests are already managed for timber pro-duction and other values. The need for actions concerning the fast decline in biodiversity was in the late 20th century met by the uprising of retention forest-ry. Retention forestry integrates conservation in commercially managed stands, enabling variation, connectivity, and continuity across the landscape, which makes it an important supplementary strategy to protected areas. However, there are uncertainties around retention practices effectiveness to protect all functional groups of species because some of them depend on certain ecologi-cal structures (e.g. old trees, deciduous tree, and dead wood). Here, I use the term Ecologically Valuable Retention Trees (EVRTs) to describe trees that either have potential to develop or already have high ecological value. The Swedish Cellulose Company (SCA) is a major forestry actor in Sweden. Most stands that SCA final-fell today originate from forests shaped by selective cut-ting, while in the future most stands will originate from already cultivated for-ests. The overall aim of my study is to forecast what SCA’s possibili-ties/restrains for retaining EVRTs and deciduous trees throughout final-felling will be in the future. By comparing stands that have been cultivated/clear-cut (CC) with stands that have never been clear-cut (NC), I focus on potential dif-ferences between the two stand types. I also discuss how this difference should influence the retention strategy within SCA and Swedish forestry. My study was performed in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. I measured the number of EVRTs and the proportion of deciduous tree species in 14 NC and 14 CC spruce dominated stands (systematically sampled with a PPS meth-od). 10 sample plots with a 10-meter radius were systematically fitted within each stand. My results show that there will be less EVRTs in the future and that the deciduous proportions will remain similar. There are potential ways to mit-igate the lack of ecologically important components in managed forests in the future, e.g. release thinning to promote the development of EVRTs, prescribed burning, and larger retention patches. My study shows that it will be increas-ingly critical to meticulously mark and protect EVRTs through the whole rota-tion period as well as to create/promote new ones for the future. Lastly, this study also stresses the continuous need of formal protection of forests with high ecological value and larger voluntary set asides because they function as irreplaceable supplements to retention forestry. |
| format | H2 |
| id | RepoSLU15144 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU151442019-10-16T01:01:59Z The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation Framtidens naturhänsyn i skogsbruket : det historiska arvet i bestånd och dess inverkan på naturhänsynen i nästa generation Lindblad, Jan Naturhänsyn trakthyggesbruk biodiversitet ekologiska strukturer skogsskötsel landskap kontinuitet sekundärskog bevarande hotade arter tree Green retention clearcutting biodiversity ecological structures management landscape continuity secondary forests conservation threatened species Today, around 55% of the world’s forests are already managed for timber pro-duction and other values. The need for actions concerning the fast decline in biodiversity was in the late 20th century met by the uprising of retention forest-ry. Retention forestry integrates conservation in commercially managed stands, enabling variation, connectivity, and continuity across the landscape, which makes it an important supplementary strategy to protected areas. However, there are uncertainties around retention practices effectiveness to protect all functional groups of species because some of them depend on certain ecologi-cal structures (e.g. old trees, deciduous tree, and dead wood). Here, I use the term Ecologically Valuable Retention Trees (EVRTs) to describe trees that either have potential to develop or already have high ecological value. The Swedish Cellulose Company (SCA) is a major forestry actor in Sweden. Most stands that SCA final-fell today originate from forests shaped by selective cut-ting, while in the future most stands will originate from already cultivated for-ests. The overall aim of my study is to forecast what SCA’s possibili-ties/restrains for retaining EVRTs and deciduous trees throughout final-felling will be in the future. By comparing stands that have been cultivated/clear-cut (CC) with stands that have never been clear-cut (NC), I focus on potential dif-ferences between the two stand types. I also discuss how this difference should influence the retention strategy within SCA and Swedish forestry. My study was performed in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. I measured the number of EVRTs and the proportion of deciduous tree species in 14 NC and 14 CC spruce dominated stands (systematically sampled with a PPS meth-od). 10 sample plots with a 10-meter radius were systematically fitted within each stand. My results show that there will be less EVRTs in the future and that the deciduous proportions will remain similar. There are potential ways to mit-igate the lack of ecologically important components in managed forests in the future, e.g. release thinning to promote the development of EVRTs, prescribed burning, and larger retention patches. My study shows that it will be increas-ingly critical to meticulously mark and protect EVRTs through the whole rota-tion period as well as to create/promote new ones for the future. Lastly, this study also stresses the continuous need of formal protection of forests with high ecological value and larger voluntary set asides because they function as irreplaceable supplements to retention forestry. Idag är runt 55% av världens skogar redan aktivt brukade för timmerprodukt-ion och andra nyttor. Den hastiga minskningen av biologisk mångfald i brukade skogar drev i slutet av 1900-talet på utvecklingen av naturhänsynen i skogs-bruket (Retention forestry). Genom att lämna kvar träd efter avverkning kan variation, konnektivitet och kontinuitet skapas på landskapsnivå – en strategi som utgör ett viktigt komplement till formellt skyddade områden. Det finns samtidigt en viss osäkerhet kring hur väl naturhänsynen kan skydda alla funkt-ionella grupper av arter eftersom vissa är beroende av specifika ekologiska strukturer (e.g. gamla träd, lövträdsarter och död ved). Träd som har stor pot-ential att uppnå eller redan uppvisar höga naturvärden kallas allmänt för natur-värdesträd. I min studie använder jag termen Ecologically Valuable Retention Trees (EVRTs), vilken även syftar till att de lämnas kvar vid slutavverkning. Skogsföretaget SCA är en stor aktör inom svenskt skogsbruk. De flesta bestånd som SCA slutavverkar idag är präglade av olika typer av selektiv huggning, medan bestånd som ska slutavverkas i framtiden redan kommer ha kalavver-kats och kultiverats. Det övergripande syftet med min studie är att förutspå hur många EVRTs och hur stor andel lövträd som finns att lämna kvar vid slutav-verkning i framtiden. Genom att jämföra kultiverade/kalavverkade bestånd med bestånd som inte blivit kalavverkade, undersöker jag eventuella skillnader mellan dessa beståndsstyper. Jag diskuterar också hur dessa skillnader kan påverka framtida strategier för naturhänsyn inom SCA och svenskt skogsbruk. Min studie är utförd i Västerbottens län i norra Sverige. Jag inventerade antalet EVRTs och andelen lövträd i 14 kultiverade/kalavverkade och 14 icke-kalavverkade grandominerade bestånd (samplade genom systematiskt PPS-urval). 10 cirkelprovytor med radien 10 meter fördelades systematiskt ut inom varje bestånd. Mina resultat tyder på att det kommer att finnas färre EVRTs i framtiden och att lövandelen förblir densamma. Det finns flera möjligheter att lindra minskningen av ekologiskt värdefulla strukturer i brukade skogar i fram-tiden, e.g. genom frihuggning som främjar framtida EVRTs, hyggesbränning och att lämna kvar större trädgrupper. Min studie visar att det blir ännu viktigare att i framtiden märka och skydda, liksom aktivt gynna nya, EVRTs genom hela rotationsperioden. Min studie betonar även vikten av formellt skyddade skogar med höga naturvärden samt större frivilliga avsättningar eftersom dessa kom-mer att vara ovärderliga komplement till den generella naturhänsynen även i framtiden. SLU/Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management 2019 H2 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15144/ |
| spellingShingle | Naturhänsyn trakthyggesbruk biodiversitet ekologiska strukturer skogsskötsel landskap kontinuitet sekundärskog bevarande hotade arter tree Green retention clearcutting biodiversity ecological structures management landscape continuity secondary forests conservation threatened species Lindblad, Jan The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| title | The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| title_full | The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| title_fullStr | The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| title_short | The future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| title_sort | future of retention forestry : the historical legacy in stands and its impact on retention in the next generation |
| topic | Naturhänsyn trakthyggesbruk biodiversitet ekologiska strukturer skogsskötsel landskap kontinuitet sekundärskog bevarande hotade arter tree Green retention clearcutting biodiversity ecological structures management landscape continuity secondary forests conservation threatened species |