Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest
Wildfire is a natural disturbance that creates large amounts dead wood and contribute to a landscape of different successional stages, important for biodiversity. The number of wildfires have declined in boreal Fennoscandia due to effective fire suppression. A better understanding of the fire-effect...
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| Formato: | H2 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
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SLU/Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies
2019
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| _version_ | 1855572524934365184 |
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| author | Vahlström, Isak |
| author_browse | Vahlström, Isak |
| author_facet | Vahlström, Isak |
| author_sort | Vahlström, Isak |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Wildfire is a natural disturbance that creates large amounts dead wood and contribute to a landscape of different successional stages, important for biodiversity. The number of wildfires have declined in boreal Fennoscandia due to effective fire suppression. A better understanding of the fire-effects on species communities is necessary to obtain effective conservation. The aim of this study was to compare the community structure of polyporous fungi (polypores) in burned forests with forests with a long history of fire suppression.
I studied three different sites in northern Sweden 12 years post fire; (1) a mixed coniferous forest in a landscape highly affected by forestry, (2) an old growth spruce forest in the proximity to high mountains and (3) a pine forest in a large protected area. In each burned area, I measured the coniferous coarse woody debris and surveyed the wood for polypores. The same was done in control areas next to each of the burned areas.
The amount and quality of dead wood differed between the burned areas and the control areas. The fires created dead wood but also consumed dead wood of later decay stages, resulting in a shift towards early decay stages in burned areas. In all sites, the community structure of polypores differed between burned and unburned areas but various species contributed to the differences. A few generalists were very abundant in the burned areas compared to the control while several red-listed species found in the controls were few or missing in the burned areas. The red-listed Diplomitoporus crustulinus was not found in the controls but on charred bark on several logs in the burned areas.
The shift in community structure is likely due to the difference in amount and quality of dead wood and a dryer microclimate in the burned areas, which is more open and have less ground vegetation. Fire does not necessary increase the local diversity but can increase the diversity on a landscape level. This study indicates that the development of the polypore community post fire is influenced by the traits of the prefire forest and the fire intensity. Many restoration burns is relatively low-intensity fires in pine forests but I show that also intense fires in spruce-dominated forests can be positive for biodiversity. |
| format | H2 |
| id | RepoSLU15113 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU151132019-10-15T01:00:18Z Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest Samhällsstrukturen hos tickor efter naturlig brand i boreal skog Vahlström, Isak biodiversity community composition natural disturbance forest fire polyporous fungi, wood-decaying fungi Wildfire is a natural disturbance that creates large amounts dead wood and contribute to a landscape of different successional stages, important for biodiversity. The number of wildfires have declined in boreal Fennoscandia due to effective fire suppression. A better understanding of the fire-effects on species communities is necessary to obtain effective conservation. The aim of this study was to compare the community structure of polyporous fungi (polypores) in burned forests with forests with a long history of fire suppression. I studied three different sites in northern Sweden 12 years post fire; (1) a mixed coniferous forest in a landscape highly affected by forestry, (2) an old growth spruce forest in the proximity to high mountains and (3) a pine forest in a large protected area. In each burned area, I measured the coniferous coarse woody debris and surveyed the wood for polypores. The same was done in control areas next to each of the burned areas. The amount and quality of dead wood differed between the burned areas and the control areas. The fires created dead wood but also consumed dead wood of later decay stages, resulting in a shift towards early decay stages in burned areas. In all sites, the community structure of polypores differed between burned and unburned areas but various species contributed to the differences. A few generalists were very abundant in the burned areas compared to the control while several red-listed species found in the controls were few or missing in the burned areas. The red-listed Diplomitoporus crustulinus was not found in the controls but on charred bark on several logs in the burned areas. The shift in community structure is likely due to the difference in amount and quality of dead wood and a dryer microclimate in the burned areas, which is more open and have less ground vegetation. Fire does not necessary increase the local diversity but can increase the diversity on a landscape level. This study indicates that the development of the polypore community post fire is influenced by the traits of the prefire forest and the fire intensity. Many restoration burns is relatively low-intensity fires in pine forests but I show that also intense fires in spruce-dominated forests can be positive for biodiversity. Brand är en naturlig störning som skapar stora mängder död ved och bidrar till ett landskap med flera olika successtionsstadier, vilket är viktigt för den biologiska mångfalden. Antalet och frekvensen av naturliga skogsbränder har minskat i Fennoskandien på grund av effektiv brandbekämpning. Att förstå skogsbränders effekt på artsamhällena är viktigt för att bedriva en effektiv naturvård. Syftet med studien var att jämföra samhällsstrukturen av tickor mellan brandfält och områden med långvarig brandbekämpning. Jag har studerat tre olika skogsområden i norra Sverige 12 år efter brand; (1) en barrblandskog i ett hårt brukat landskap, (2) en gammal fjällnära granskog och (3) en tallskog i ett stort skyddat område. I varje bränt område mätte jag grov död ved och inventerade tickor som växte på veden. Samma sak gjordes i kontrollområden utanför brandfälten. Mängd och kvalité av den döda veden skiljde sig mellan brandfälten och kontrollerna. Branden skapade ny död ved men konsumerade också död ved i sena nedbrytningsstadier vilket tillsammans ändrade kvalitén på den döda veden mot en större representation av tidiga nedbrytningsstadier. Totalt ökade mängden död ved. I alla tre områden skiljde sig strukturen av tickornas artsamhällen mellan brand- och kontrollytor men olika arter var orsak till den uppkomna skillnaden. Några generalistarter var mycket vanliga i brandytorna jämfört med kontrollytorna medan flera rödlistade arter som hittades i kontrollytorna var ovanliga eller saknades i brandytorna. Den rödlistade arten Diplomitoporus crustulinus hittades inte i kontrollytorna men på bränd bark på flera lågor i brandytorna. Förändringen av samhällsstrukturen beror sannolikt på en skillnad i mängd och kvalité av död ved och att ett torrare mikroklimat i öppna, brända ytor med mindre markvegetation. Brand ökar nödvändigtvis inte den lokala diversiteten men kan öka diversiteten på landskapsnivå. Studien indikerar att hur artsamhället av tickor utvecklas efter brand påverkas av skogens egenskaper innan branden och brandens intensitet. Många naturvårdsbränningar är låginstensiva bränder i tallskogar men jag visar att även kraftiga bränder i grandominerade skogar kan gynna biodiversiteten. SLU/Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies 2019 H2 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15113/ |
| spellingShingle | biodiversity community composition natural disturbance forest fire polyporous fungi, wood-decaying fungi Vahlström, Isak Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| title | Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| title_full | Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| title_fullStr | Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| title_short | Community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| title_sort | community structure of polyporous fungi after wildfire in boreal forest |
| topic | biodiversity community composition natural disturbance forest fire polyporous fungi, wood-decaying fungi |