An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa

In an ecological trap, animals choose habitat based upon cues that once led members of their species to optimal habitat, but now lead to habitat where individual fitness is reduced because of changing conditions. The southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is a threatened species due to poac...

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Autor principal: Michel, Alice
Formato: H2
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: SLU/Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies 2019
Materias:
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author Michel, Alice
author_browse Michel, Alice
author_facet Michel, Alice
author_sort Michel, Alice
collection Epsilon Archive for Student Projects
description In an ecological trap, animals choose habitat based upon cues that once led members of their species to optimal habitat, but now lead to habitat where individual fitness is reduced because of changing conditions. The southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is a threatened species due to poaching for its keratin horn. Here, I investigate the degree to which poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in South Africa’s Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. To this end, I develop a model for white rhino habitat preference and analyse rhino movement through time over the gradient of habitat preference and poaching risk. Three aspects of the ecological trap scenario were assessed: environmental habitat quality in hotspots relative to cold-spots for poaching, rhino movement into high-quality habitat regardless of poaching risk, and the impact of poaching on white rhino fitness at the population level. I found that while high quality habitat exists in poaching hotspots, net colonization was higher into high quality habitat in low-risk areas for poaching than in high-risk poaching hotspots. Further, fitness has declined for rhino populations in hotspots relative to cold-spots of the same quality, and likely represents a loss in fitness to the park population as a whole. While at this time there is little evidence to suggest rhino are pulled away from high quality cold-spots to areas at high risk for poaching, continued monitoring of the habitat quality-risk gradient is crucial to understanding and managing the white rhino population in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park.
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institution Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
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spelling RepoSLU145042019-05-16T01:01:23Z An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa En undersökning för att reda ut om tjuvskytte orsakar en ekologisk fälla för vita noshörningar i Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Parken, Sydafrika Michel, Alice ecological trap rhinoceros maladaptation megaherbivore source-sink habitat quality middens In an ecological trap, animals choose habitat based upon cues that once led members of their species to optimal habitat, but now lead to habitat where individual fitness is reduced because of changing conditions. The southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is a threatened species due to poaching for its keratin horn. Here, I investigate the degree to which poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in South Africa’s Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. To this end, I develop a model for white rhino habitat preference and analyse rhino movement through time over the gradient of habitat preference and poaching risk. Three aspects of the ecological trap scenario were assessed: environmental habitat quality in hotspots relative to cold-spots for poaching, rhino movement into high-quality habitat regardless of poaching risk, and the impact of poaching on white rhino fitness at the population level. I found that while high quality habitat exists in poaching hotspots, net colonization was higher into high quality habitat in low-risk areas for poaching than in high-risk poaching hotspots. Further, fitness has declined for rhino populations in hotspots relative to cold-spots of the same quality, and likely represents a loss in fitness to the park population as a whole. While at this time there is little evidence to suggest rhino are pulled away from high quality cold-spots to areas at high risk for poaching, continued monitoring of the habitat quality-risk gradient is crucial to understanding and managing the white rhino population in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. SLU/Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies 2019 H2 eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/14504/
spellingShingle ecological trap
rhinoceros
maladaptation
megaherbivore
source-sink
habitat quality
middens
Michel, Alice
An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
title An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
title_full An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
title_fullStr An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
title_full_unstemmed An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
title_short An investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
title_sort investigation into whether poaching creates an ecological trap for white rhinoceros in hluhluwe-imfolozi park, south africa
topic ecological trap
rhinoceros
maladaptation
megaherbivore
source-sink
habitat quality
middens