Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering
Drainage of arable land creates a better soil structure and a better aeration of the soil profile. Some fields are naturally drained, while others are dependent on drainage to create good cultivation conditions. Subsurface drainage is the most common method used to artificially drain arable land. Va...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Dept. of Soil and Environment
2019
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855572411956592640 |
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| author | Falk, Hanna |
| author_browse | Falk, Hanna |
| author_facet | Falk, Hanna |
| author_sort | Falk, Hanna |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Drainage of arable land creates a better soil structure and a better aeration of the soil profile. Some fields are naturally drained, while others are dependent on drainage to create good cultivation conditions. Subsurface drainage is the most common method used to artificially drain arable land. Various types of filters are used to protect the buried drainage pipes. The task of the filter is, in addition to protecting the pipes, to reduce the sedimentation of particles in the pipes and to facilitate water intake. The different filter materials are usually divided into three categories; mineral filters, organic filters and synthetic filters. The category mineral filters include gravel and the category organic filters include peat, sawdust and coconut fibers. Synthetic filters are made of different types of plastic materials. In Sweden, gravel is the most widely used filter material.
In a filter trial at Härna outside Linköping, it was studied how different types of filter material affect the sludge deposition in the drainage pipes and the drainage systems durability in the long term. The filter trial consists of 10 lateral pipes and the filter materials include gravel, coconut fiber, peat and synthetic fiber. Collection of sam-ples were done on November 27, 2018. For each excavated drainage pipe, two soil samples were taken, one sample of sedimented material from within the pipe and one sample just outside the pipe, as well as a gravel filter sample, which was then analyzed in the laboratory. The particle size analysis showed that the drainage pipes with gravel filter release most coarse material from the examined pipes. This is probably due to the gravel contains relatively large pores. The result of the particle size analysis also showed that the proportion of clay inside the drainage pipes is considerably lower than outside the pipes. One explanation for this may be that clays form aggregate structures.
When selecting filter materials, the advantages should be weighed against the disad-vantages. Organic filters are advantageous to use as organic material is a renewable resource. However, organic filter materials can be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, which is not the case with gravel and synthetic filters. A disadvantage of synthetic filters may be that they can release microplastics in nature. The release of microplastics from synthetic filter materials is a proposal for future research. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU14458 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Soil and Environment |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Soil and Environment |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU144582020-10-06T14:13:09Z Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering Different filter materials for agricultural drainage Falk, Hanna dräneringsfilter mineralfilter organiska filter syntetiska filter Drainage of arable land creates a better soil structure and a better aeration of the soil profile. Some fields are naturally drained, while others are dependent on drainage to create good cultivation conditions. Subsurface drainage is the most common method used to artificially drain arable land. Various types of filters are used to protect the buried drainage pipes. The task of the filter is, in addition to protecting the pipes, to reduce the sedimentation of particles in the pipes and to facilitate water intake. The different filter materials are usually divided into three categories; mineral filters, organic filters and synthetic filters. The category mineral filters include gravel and the category organic filters include peat, sawdust and coconut fibers. Synthetic filters are made of different types of plastic materials. In Sweden, gravel is the most widely used filter material. In a filter trial at Härna outside Linköping, it was studied how different types of filter material affect the sludge deposition in the drainage pipes and the drainage systems durability in the long term. The filter trial consists of 10 lateral pipes and the filter materials include gravel, coconut fiber, peat and synthetic fiber. Collection of sam-ples were done on November 27, 2018. For each excavated drainage pipe, two soil samples were taken, one sample of sedimented material from within the pipe and one sample just outside the pipe, as well as a gravel filter sample, which was then analyzed in the laboratory. The particle size analysis showed that the drainage pipes with gravel filter release most coarse material from the examined pipes. This is probably due to the gravel contains relatively large pores. The result of the particle size analysis also showed that the proportion of clay inside the drainage pipes is considerably lower than outside the pipes. One explanation for this may be that clays form aggregate structures. When selecting filter materials, the advantages should be weighed against the disad-vantages. Organic filters are advantageous to use as organic material is a renewable resource. However, organic filter materials can be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, which is not the case with gravel and synthetic filters. A disadvantage of synthetic filters may be that they can release microplastics in nature. The release of microplastics from synthetic filter materials is a proposal for future research. När vatten blir stående på åkrar försämras odlingsförutsättningarna då grödornas rötter behöver syre. Syrebrist i marken leder till försämrad grobarhet och uppkomst. För att skapa goda odlingsförutsättningar dräneras därför många åkermarker. Dränering av åkermark skapar en bättre markstruktur och en bättre genomluftning av marken. Det vanligaste sättet att dränera åkermark är genom täckdikning. Täckdikning innebär att dräneringsledningar grävs ner i jorden för att leda bort överskottsvatten. För att skydda de nedgrävda ledningarna används olika typer av filtermaterial. Filtrets uppgift är, förutom att skydda ledningarna, att underlätta vattenintaget och minska inslamning av jordpartiklar som kan sedimentera och fastna i ledningarna. Filtermaterialen delas vanligen in i tre kategorier; mineralfilter, organiska filter och syntetiska filter. Grus är det vanligaste materialet inom kategorin mineralfilter och är det filtermaterial som används mest i Sverige. Till kategorin organiska filter hör bland annat torv, sågspån och kokosfibrer. Syntetiska filter tillverkas av olika typer av plaster. I ett fältförsök vid Härna utanför Linköping testas olika typer av filtermaterial. Försöket består av 10 dräneringsledningar och i försöket ingår filtermaterialen grus, kokosfiber, torv och syntetfiber. I detta arbete studerades hur de olika typerna av filtermaterial påverkar slamavsättningen i ledningarna och dräneringssystemens hållbarhet på lång sikt. Den 27 november 2018 samlades jordprover in vid försöket. Vid varje framgrävd dräneringsledning togs två jordprover, ett prov med sedimenterat material inifrån ledningen och ett jordprov precis utanför ledningen. Dessutom togs ett grusprov med filtergrus. Kornstorleksfördelningen i proverna analyserades sedan på laboratorium. Kornstorleksanalysen visar att dräneringsledningarna med grusfilter släpper in mest grovt material av de undersökta ledningarna. En förklaring till detta kan vara att gruset innehåller relativt stora porer där grövre material kan tränga ner. Resultatet av analysen visar även att andelen ler inuti ledningarna är betydligt lägre än utanför ledningarna. Detta kan bero på att leror bildar aggregatstrukturer, det vill säga lerpartiklarna sitter hårt samman, vilket gör det svårare för lerpartiklarna att slamma in i dräneringsledningarna. De olika typerna av filtermaterial har både fördelar och nackdelar. Organiska filter är fördelaktigt att använda eftersom organiskt material är en förnybar resurs. Dock kan organiska filtermaterial brytas ner av mikroorganismer i jorden till skillnad från grus och syntetiska filtermaterial. En nackdel med syntetiska filter kan vara att de orsakar spridning av mikroplaster, det vill säga små plastpartiklar, i naturen. Ett förslag på framtida forskning är därför avsöndring av mikroplaster från syntetiska filtermaterial. SLU/Dept. of Soil and Environment 2019 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/14458/ |
| spellingShingle | dräneringsfilter mineralfilter organiska filter syntetiska filter Falk, Hanna Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| title | Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| title_full | Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| title_fullStr | Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| title_short | Olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| title_sort | olika filtermaterial vid jordbruksdränering |
| topic | dräneringsfilter mineralfilter organiska filter syntetiska filter |