Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya
An increasing population together with a growing interest in consumption of animal proteins requires an intensified dairy production in Kenya. The aver-age milk production of 4.4 litres per cow and day is neither efficient enough nor reach the genetic capacity of the exotic dairy cattle used in the...
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| Formato: | Second cycle, A2E |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2018
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| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13193/ |
| _version_ | 1855572203279482880 |
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| author | Möller, Maja |
| author_browse | Möller, Maja |
| author_facet | Möller, Maja |
| author_sort | Möller, Maja |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | An increasing population together with a growing interest in consumption of animal proteins requires an intensified dairy production in Kenya. The aver-age milk production of 4.4 litres per cow and day is neither efficient enough nor reach the genetic capacity of the exotic dairy cattle used in the small-holder dairy sector.
This study investigated feeding routines and feed quality in 31 small-holder dairy farms situated in the highlands (H) and lowlands (L) of Barin-go. Semi-structured interviews, observations and registrations of milk yield (MY), body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were performed. The measured animal characteristics differed between the production envi-ronments highlands (408.1 kg BW; 6.9 kg MY; 2.4 BCS) and the lowlands (373.8 kg BW; 6.3 kg MY; 2.6 BCS). Feed samples of basal feeds, supple-mentary forages and commercial concentrates (Dairy meal) were collected for further analysis. The most commonly used basal feed was pasture fol-lowed by grass-mixtures mixed with crop residues, milling by-products and Dairy meal. The most used home-grown feeds were Napier grass, Rhodes grass hay, maize silage, maize stover, oats hay and Star grass hay. The feed analysis showed that two basal feeds had sufficient nutritional content to be used as solitary feed component to an average cow in the production envi-ronments based on measured and calculated average body weights and milk yields.
There was a large variation in feed quality among the basal feeds and supplementary forages, the proportions of feed components in the mixtures varied depending on availability and season. The highest nutritional value, compared in crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME), among the basal feeds was in a mixture containing Columbus grass, Star grass hay, Na-pier grass, Lucerne, Dairy meal and wheat bran (14.4 % CP; 10.2 MJ ME/ kg DM). The lowest was seen in a mixture including Star- and Rhodes grass hay mixed with molasses to ferment in 24 hours (5.4 % CP; 7.3 MJ ME/ kg DM). A large variation was seen in the nutritive value of the Dairy meals (n=5), with one of the brands having a nutritional composition similar to a standard Swedish commercial concentrate (Lantmännen, 2017). Three samples had low levels of CP and high levels of calcium and magnesium suggesting alter-ations had been made to replace more expensive ingredients. |
| format | Second cycle, A2E |
| id | RepoSLU13193 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés Inglés |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU131932019-02-25T13:41:54Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13193/ Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya Möller, Maja Animal feeding An increasing population together with a growing interest in consumption of animal proteins requires an intensified dairy production in Kenya. The aver-age milk production of 4.4 litres per cow and day is neither efficient enough nor reach the genetic capacity of the exotic dairy cattle used in the small-holder dairy sector. This study investigated feeding routines and feed quality in 31 small-holder dairy farms situated in the highlands (H) and lowlands (L) of Barin-go. Semi-structured interviews, observations and registrations of milk yield (MY), body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were performed. The measured animal characteristics differed between the production envi-ronments highlands (408.1 kg BW; 6.9 kg MY; 2.4 BCS) and the lowlands (373.8 kg BW; 6.3 kg MY; 2.6 BCS). Feed samples of basal feeds, supple-mentary forages and commercial concentrates (Dairy meal) were collected for further analysis. The most commonly used basal feed was pasture fol-lowed by grass-mixtures mixed with crop residues, milling by-products and Dairy meal. The most used home-grown feeds were Napier grass, Rhodes grass hay, maize silage, maize stover, oats hay and Star grass hay. The feed analysis showed that two basal feeds had sufficient nutritional content to be used as solitary feed component to an average cow in the production envi-ronments based on measured and calculated average body weights and milk yields. There was a large variation in feed quality among the basal feeds and supplementary forages, the proportions of feed components in the mixtures varied depending on availability and season. The highest nutritional value, compared in crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME), among the basal feeds was in a mixture containing Columbus grass, Star grass hay, Na-pier grass, Lucerne, Dairy meal and wheat bran (14.4 % CP; 10.2 MJ ME/ kg DM). The lowest was seen in a mixture including Star- and Rhodes grass hay mixed with molasses to ferment in 24 hours (5.4 % CP; 7.3 MJ ME/ kg DM). A large variation was seen in the nutritive value of the Dairy meals (n=5), with one of the brands having a nutritional composition similar to a standard Swedish commercial concentrate (Lantmännen, 2017). Three samples had low levels of CP and high levels of calcium and magnesium suggesting alter-ations had been made to replace more expensive ingredients. En ökad befolkning tillsammans med ett ökat intresse och ekonomi för att konsumera animalieprodukter kräver en intensifiering av mjölkproduktionen i Kenya. Den genomsnittliga mjölkmängden på 4.4 liter per ko och dag är varken tillräckligt effektiv eller nyttjar den genetiska kapaciteten de exotiska mjölkkorna har som används inom den småskaliga mjölksektorn. Denna studie undersökte foderrutiner och foderkvalitet hos 31 småska-liga mjölkproducenter i höglandet (H) och låglandet (L) i Baringo. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer, observationer och registreringar av mjölkmängd (MY), kroppsvikt (BW) och hullbedömningspoäng (BCS) utfördes i studien. De registrerade egenskaperna skiljde mellan produktionsmiljöerna höglandet (408,1 kg BW; 6,9 kg MY; 2,4 BCS) och låglandet (373,8 kg BW; 6,3 kg MY; 2,6 BCS). Foderprover från det basala grovfodret, tillskottsgrovfoder samt kommersiella koncentrat (Dairy meal) insamlades för vidare analys. De vanligaste förekommande basala grovfodren var bete följt av gräsblandning-ar blandade med skörderester, kvarnbiprodukter och Dairy meal. De vanlig-aste egenodlade foderingredienserna var Napiergräs, hö av Rhodesgräs, maj-sensilage, majsrester efter skörd, havrehö och hö av Stargräs. Foder ana-lyserna visade att två basala grovfoder hade näringsvärden som var tillräck-liga för att kunna användas som det enda fodret i en foderstat till en genom-snittlig ko i produktionsmiljöerna, baserat på de uppmätta och beräknade genomsnittliga kroppsvikterna och mjölkmängderna. En hög variation sågs i foderkvalitet mellan de basala grovfodren och till-skottsgrovfodren, varav proportionerna i blandningarna skiljde sig starkt beroende på tillgång och säsong. Det högsta värdet, jämfört i råprotein (CP) and omsättbar energi (ME), bland grovfodren sågs i en gräsblandning med Columbusgräs, Stargräshö, Napiergräs, Lucern, Dairy meal och vetekli (14,4 % CP; 10,2 MJ ME/ kg DM). Det lägsta sågs i en blandning med hö av Star- och Rhodesgräs blandat med melass för att fermentera i 24 timmar (5,4 % CP; 7,3 MJ ME/ kg DM). En hög variation sågs i näringsvärde för Dairy meal (n=5), där ett av märkena hade en näringssammansättning likt en standard svenskt kommersiellt koncentrat (Lantmännen, 2017). Tre av proverna hade låga halter råprotein och höga halter calcium samt magnesium, vilket indike-rar att förändringar kan ha skett i fodret för att ersätta dyrare ingredienser. 2018-03-12 Second cycle, A2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13193/1/moller_m_180314.pdf Möller, Maja, 2018. Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-650.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-9289 eng |
| spellingShingle | Animal feeding Möller, Maja Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya |
| title | Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya |
| title_full | Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya |
| title_short | Feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in Baringo, Kenya |
| title_sort | feeding routines and feed quality on small-scale dairy farms in baringo, kenya |
| topic | Animal feeding |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13193/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13193/ |