Optimalt ekologiskt
This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount...
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco sueco |
| Publicado: |
2008
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13009/ |
| _version_ | 1855572171264360448 |
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| author | Holm, Johanna |
| author_browse | Holm, Johanna |
| author_facet | Holm, Johanna |
| author_sort | Holm, Johanna |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering.
Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration. This is important and can become even more so due to the expected rise in temperature that is caused by human inflicted climate change. Sometimes there's still questioning of green structure in cities, You sometimes feel that there's a need to defend it, especially in cities where there's a need for more housing.
In these cases the design of the green areas can play an important role. A park that is much used and appreciated can be more likely to be protected against threats of exploitation. Green areas in city centers are often smaller and maybe lacking the possibility to offer an experience of wilderness or solitude. Instead you can try to create other experiences like possibilities to see lush flowering, enjoyi the sun for a moment or play a while. The principles I have found through studies of literature and interviews and their aim is to be able to create green spaces that offers good experiences and that can be maintained with little emissions of greenhouse gases.
The principles for designing are mainly to choose plants that suits the location; plants that are likely to thrive in that specific climate and place. Another important issue is to make sure that all surfaces are properly built up with protection against weeds that spread by their roots. Surfaces with stone or gravel are mainly to be built where it's necessary due to use, since well-used hard surfaces seldom get weed problems. You should consider where to have grass surfaces so that they are only suggested where people are likely to use them. Otherwise it is better from an emission point of view to choose perennials with a good covering ability. If it's possible one can make arrangements for local infiltration of wastewater, for example water from the roof of nearby buildings or wastewater from streets close to the park.
Concerning the maintenance it's a good idea to choose electrical tools and cars for the adjustments that requires it. One can also consider using manual tools instead. If one (as most usual) uses tools and cars driven by gasoline it can still be better to make swift effort with those tools than to return several times by car for a manual effort. If the tools are gasoline driven one should choose alkylat gasoline. It's a good choice to use green manure and to leave withered plants in the perennial surfaces. Withered plant parts may improve the structure of the soil and it's good avoid transporting it to a dump. At surfaces of stone or gravel one shall remove leaves and other withered material and if possible one can put it in a shrubbery nearby. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU13009 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU130092017-11-22T08:51:32Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13009/ Optimalt ekologiskt Holm, Johanna Plant structure This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering. Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration. This is important and can become even more so due to the expected rise in temperature that is caused by human inflicted climate change. Sometimes there's still questioning of green structure in cities, You sometimes feel that there's a need to defend it, especially in cities where there's a need for more housing. In these cases the design of the green areas can play an important role. A park that is much used and appreciated can be more likely to be protected against threats of exploitation. Green areas in city centers are often smaller and maybe lacking the possibility to offer an experience of wilderness or solitude. Instead you can try to create other experiences like possibilities to see lush flowering, enjoyi the sun for a moment or play a while. The principles I have found through studies of literature and interviews and their aim is to be able to create green spaces that offers good experiences and that can be maintained with little emissions of greenhouse gases. The principles for designing are mainly to choose plants that suits the location; plants that are likely to thrive in that specific climate and place. Another important issue is to make sure that all surfaces are properly built up with protection against weeds that spread by their roots. Surfaces with stone or gravel are mainly to be built where it's necessary due to use, since well-used hard surfaces seldom get weed problems. You should consider where to have grass surfaces so that they are only suggested where people are likely to use them. Otherwise it is better from an emission point of view to choose perennials with a good covering ability. If it's possible one can make arrangements for local infiltration of wastewater, for example water from the roof of nearby buildings or wastewater from streets close to the park. Concerning the maintenance it's a good idea to choose electrical tools and cars for the adjustments that requires it. One can also consider using manual tools instead. If one (as most usual) uses tools and cars driven by gasoline it can still be better to make swift effort with those tools than to return several times by car for a manual effort. If the tools are gasoline driven one should choose alkylat gasoline. It's a good choice to use green manure and to leave withered plants in the perennial surfaces. Withered plant parts may improve the structure of the soil and it's good avoid transporting it to a dump. At surfaces of stone or gravel one shall remove leaves and other withered material and if possible one can put it in a shrubbery nearby. Detta är ett examensarbete på 30 högskolepoäng, utfört vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, institutionen för stad och land, Ultuna. Arbetets syfte har varit att finna principer för hur man kan gestalta parker som ger stora upplevelsevärden och kan skötas på ett sätt som ger små utsläpp av koldioxid. Ett annat syfte har varit att se om man kan ta tillvara dagvatten för växternas vattenförsörjning och på andra sätt gestalta så att parken kräver mindre bevattning med vatten som renats i reningsverk. Nyligen genomförda studier, liksom äldre visar hur viktig grönska är i stadsmiljön ur ett hälso- och klimatperspektiv. Träd och andra växter ansamlar luftföroreningar och kan även bidra till att sänka temperaturen i sin omgivning genom transpiration. Detta behövs, och kan komma att behövas än mer, med tanke på den temperaturhöjning som förväntas komma på grund av mänskligt orsakade klimatförändringar. Ibland kan det dock fortfarande upplevas som att det finns ett motstånd mot grönskans plats i staden och att det kan finnas svårigheter att försvara den som en fördel i sig själv, i synnerhet för de orter som har en tillväxande befolkning, där det ofta finns en önskan att förtäta den befintliga stadsstrukturen. I dessa fall kan gestaltningen av grönområdet ha en avgörande betydelse. En park som används av många människor och som kan erbjuda upplevelser av olika slag har idag förmodligen större möjlighet att skyddas mot eventuella exploateringshot. Grönområden i centrum av städer är ofta ganska små till ytan och har begränsade möjligheter att ge upplevelser av avskildhet eller vild natur. Man kan istället satsa på att med sin gestaltning skapa möjlighet för andra typer av upplevelser, till exempel möjlighet att få se blomprakt, sitta ned på en solig plats eller leka en stund. Principerna jag tagit fram utifrån studier av litteratur och intervjuer syftar till att kunna skapa gröna platser med stora upplevelsevärden och vars skötsel bidrar så lite som möjligt till att klimatsituationen förvärras. De gestaltningsprinciper jag kommit fram till består till stor del av att välja växt efter plats; att välja växter som förväntas trivas på den plats de ska växa, klimat- och ståndortsmässigt. En annan viktig sak är underarbetet, att se till att såväl planteringsytor som hårdgjorda ytor är väl anlagda med spärrar mot rotogräs. Hårdgjorda ytor bör i första hand anläggas där dessa verkligen krävs på grund av slitage eller ur tillgänglighetsaspekt då hårdgjorda ytor som slits sällan får problem med ogrästillväxt. Man bör när man anlägger gräsytor överväga om dessa kommer att fylla en funktion på platsen; om människor kommer att använda dem. Annars kan det ur upplevelse- och utsläppssynpunkt vara bättre att plantera marktäckande perenner. Om det är möjligt kan man anlägga anordningar för lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten, till exempel takvatten från angränsande fastigheter eller vatten från angränsande trafikytor. Vad det gäller skötseln så kan man välja att använda eldrivna verktyg och fordon för de insatser som kräver det. Man kan också överväga att använda manuella redskap istället, men om man använder bensindrivna fordon och redskap kan det ibland vara bättre att göra en snabb insats med ett bensindrivet redskap istället för att återvända flera gånger med ett bensindrivet fordon. Man bör försöka välja redskap som kan drivas med alkylatbensin. Det är bra att gröngödsla i stor utsträckning och att låta visset växtmaterial vara kvar på plats. Även om det vissna materialet tillför sparsamt med näring så kan det förbättra jordstrukturen och man slipper transportera bort det, i värsta fall till deponi på en soptipp. På hårdgjorda ytor bör man dock städa bort nedfallet växtmaterial och detta kan då exempelvis läggas i buskage. 2008-06-18 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13009/1/holm_j_171122.pdf Holm, Johanna, 2008. Optimalt ekologiskt : att gestalta praktfulla parker som kan skötas på ett hållbart sätt. UNSPECIFIED, Uppsala. Uppsala: (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Urban and Rural Development (LTJ, LTV) > Dept. of Urban and Rural Development <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-595.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-9015 swe |
| spellingShingle | Plant structure Holm, Johanna Optimalt ekologiskt |
| title | Optimalt ekologiskt |
| title_full | Optimalt ekologiskt |
| title_fullStr | Optimalt ekologiskt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimalt ekologiskt |
| title_short | Optimalt ekologiskt |
| title_sort | optimalt ekologiskt |
| topic | Plant structure |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13009/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/13009/ |