Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae
Plants defend themselves against feeding insects via both a constitutive; always existing defense, and/or via an induced defense that is activated in response to the feeding damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the induced defense in tomato after damage by insect larvae. The hypothesi...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2007
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12887/ |
| _version_ | 1855572148864679936 |
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| author | Eriksson, Anna |
| author_browse | Eriksson, Anna |
| author_facet | Eriksson, Anna |
| author_sort | Eriksson, Anna |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Plants defend themselves against feeding insects via both a constitutive; always existing
defense, and/or via an induced defense that is activated in response to the feeding damage. The
aim of this study was to investigate the induced defense in tomato after damage by insect larvae.
The hypothesis was that if larvae chose to feed on undamaged plants over damaged plants, they
would do so due to an induced defense in the damaged plants. Moreover, the aim was to examine
temporal aspects of induced defense, the difference in constitutive defense between genetically
improved cultivars and wild tomato plants, the possibility of interplant communication and if
induced defense compounds reduce the growth of larvae.
Food preference bioassays and a larval growth experiment were made to test the
hypotheseses. In feeding choice experiments, the larvae of the moth Spodoptera littoralis fed
more on leaves from undamaged plants over leaves from damaged plants, which suggest that
there was an induced defense in the damaged tomato plants that affected the larval behavior. The
strongest effect of induced defense was found two days after the initial damage, but it was present
until at least eight days after the initiation of the damage. Also in wild tomato plants, the induced
defense was strong in recently wounded plants. There were no significant differences in
constitutive defense between wild tomato and genetically improved tomato cultivars. When
interplant communication was tested by larval feeding choice experiments, no difference was
found between damaged or undamaged plants neither when these had grown together nor
separately, which indicate that both airborne and root borne signaling can occur. Finally, when
the larvae were forced to feed on either damaged or undamaged plants in a larval growth
experiment, the larvae feeding on leaves from damaged plants showed reduced growth rate. This
result indicated an induced defense of the damaged plants that affected the larval physiology. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU12887 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU128872017-11-21T09:42:28Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12887/ Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae Eriksson, Anna Protection of plants - General aspects Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science (until 2013) Plants defend themselves against feeding insects via both a constitutive; always existing defense, and/or via an induced defense that is activated in response to the feeding damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the induced defense in tomato after damage by insect larvae. The hypothesis was that if larvae chose to feed on undamaged plants over damaged plants, they would do so due to an induced defense in the damaged plants. Moreover, the aim was to examine temporal aspects of induced defense, the difference in constitutive defense between genetically improved cultivars and wild tomato plants, the possibility of interplant communication and if induced defense compounds reduce the growth of larvae. Food preference bioassays and a larval growth experiment were made to test the hypotheseses. In feeding choice experiments, the larvae of the moth Spodoptera littoralis fed more on leaves from undamaged plants over leaves from damaged plants, which suggest that there was an induced defense in the damaged tomato plants that affected the larval behavior. The strongest effect of induced defense was found two days after the initial damage, but it was present until at least eight days after the initiation of the damage. Also in wild tomato plants, the induced defense was strong in recently wounded plants. There were no significant differences in constitutive defense between wild tomato and genetically improved tomato cultivars. When interplant communication was tested by larval feeding choice experiments, no difference was found between damaged or undamaged plants neither when these had grown together nor separately, which indicate that both airborne and root borne signaling can occur. Finally, when the larvae were forced to feed on either damaged or undamaged plants in a larval growth experiment, the larvae feeding on leaves from damaged plants showed reduced growth rate. This result indicated an induced defense of the damaged plants that affected the larval physiology. När insekter äter på växter så kan växterna försvara sig både med ett konstitutivt försvar; som alltid finns i växten, och/eller med ett inducerat försvar som aktiveras efter skada orsakad av insekten. Syftet med den här studien var att analysera tomatplantans inducerade försvar mot insektslarver. Hypotesen var att om larverna valde att äta av oskadade plantor istället för av skadade plantor så skulle det bero på ett inducerat försvar i de skadade plantorna. Därefter var syftet även att studera efter hur lång tid som det inducerade försvaret var som mest effektivt, skillnaden i konstitutivt försvar mellan förädlade och vilda tomater, möjligheten för tomatplantor att kommunicera och slutligen att se om larvers tillväxt hämmas av att äta av inducerade plantor. Tvåvalsförsök och larvtillväxtförsök har gjorts för att testa hypoteserna. När larver av nattflyet Spodoptera littoralis fick välja mellan skadade och oskadade plantor så valde den de oskadade plantorna, vilket tyder på ett inducerat försvar i de skadade plantorna. Effekten var tydligast två dagar efter första skadan men fanns kvar mer än åtta dagar efter initiering av skadan. Det var ingen skillnad i valet mellan vilda och förädlade oskadade tomater, vilket indikerar på ett lika konstitutivt försvar, trots hypotesen om större resistens i vildtomater. Larverna föredrog oskadade vilda tomater framför vilda tomater som skadats två dagar tidigare, vilket tyder på ett snabbt verkande inducerat försvar även i vildtomater. Det var ingen skillnad i larvers födoval mellan oskadade eller skadade tomater som hade grott i samma kärl eller som grott separat, vilket kan tyda på att försvarssignaler skickats både via luft och via rötter i jorden. Slutligen, i ett larvtillväxtförsök där larver tvingades äta på antingen skadade eller oskadade plantor under en vecka, hämmades larvernas tillväxt om de åt av skadade plantor. Resultatet från larvtillväxtförsöket indikerar att det skadade plantorna hade ett inducerat försvar som påverkade larvernas fysiologi. 2007-06-14 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12887/1/eriksson_a_171121.pdf Eriksson, Anna, 2007. Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae. UNSPECIFIED, Alnarp. Alnarp: (LTJ, LTV) > Dept. of Plant Protection Biology <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/4809.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8986 eng |
| spellingShingle | Protection of plants - General aspects Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science (until 2013) Eriksson, Anna Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| title | Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| title_full | Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| title_fullStr | Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| title_short | Induced defense in tomato damaged by Spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| title_sort | induced defense in tomato damaged by spodoptera littoralis larvae |
| topic | Protection of plants - General aspects Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science (until 2013) |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12887/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12887/ |