Majsensilage
Fieldstudys on 22 farms (23 silos) to study relationships between the actual particle size of the maize silage and the theoretical length of cut. The measure of theoretical length of cut were stated by the farmers and not measured by us. Particle size of maize silage was determined using the New P...
| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco sueco |
| Publicado: |
2008
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12601/ |
| _version_ | 1855572096804978688 |
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| author | Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina Hansson, Anna |
| author_browse | Hansson, Anna Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina |
| author_facet | Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina Hansson, Anna |
| author_sort | Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Fieldstudys on 22 farms (23 silos) to study relationships
between the actual particle size of the maize silage and the theoretical length of cut. The measure of theoretical length of cut were stated by the farmers and not measured by us.
Particle size of maize silage was determined using the New Penn State Forage Particle
Separator. SLU Skara made a special sieve for us, that had larger holes than de original
sieves. The samples were shaken after instructions and then the
material was weighted. We have also been taking out samples for microbiological
analyses from the silos on 13 of the farms. One sample was taken 30 cm from the silos
wall, (both walls), and one sample was taken from the middle of the silo. We did some
shakings with the particle separator from the feed bunk to see if the particle size
distribution was different in the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the feed bunk.
The farms were situated in southern Sweden; Skåne, Småland, Kalmar- Öland,
Östergötland, Mälardalen, Halland and Västergötland.
In our studies we could not find any connection between farmers TLC and forage
particle size. The cause of this might be velocity of the cutter and the aggressiveness of
the kernel processer.
In comparison with American recommendations, (Heinrichs and Kononoff, 2002), the
studied maize silages had larger fraction of coarse particles. We could not find any big
differences in TMRs particle size distribution in feed from the beginning, middle and at
the end of feed tables. However we do not think that this part of our study is reliable
anyway because of cows sorting in TMR, the TMRs different contents and the fact that
we were not able to visit all farms just in time for their daily feeding. We have
been able to see that cows sorted out big particles of fodder. The microbiological
analyses showed that yeast occurred in 11 of 13 tested farms. There were also some
mould growth of mainly Penicillium Roqueforti in the silages.
The consistency of manure was looser in the dairy farms and firmer in the cattle farms
and it was not possible to connect it with the maize silage, although the farmers seemed
to think that the manure became firmer when maize silage was fed.
Conclusions that we came to is that the actual particle size did not have any relationship
with the theoretical length of cut and that Swedish maize silage have a larger fraction of
coarse particles than American maize silages. We recommend to use corn cracker to
give the maize silage better digestibility and when using aggressive kernel process you
can increase TLC. It also is important that the silo size is adjusted to the daily feed rate otherwise yeast and mould easily grow in the cut surface. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU12601 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU126012017-10-24T10:15:59Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12601/ Majsensilage Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina Hansson, Anna Rural Buildings and Animal Husbandry (until 121231) Feed processing and preservation Fieldstudys on 22 farms (23 silos) to study relationships between the actual particle size of the maize silage and the theoretical length of cut. The measure of theoretical length of cut were stated by the farmers and not measured by us. Particle size of maize silage was determined using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator. SLU Skara made a special sieve for us, that had larger holes than de original sieves. The samples were shaken after instructions and then the material was weighted. We have also been taking out samples for microbiological analyses from the silos on 13 of the farms. One sample was taken 30 cm from the silos wall, (both walls), and one sample was taken from the middle of the silo. We did some shakings with the particle separator from the feed bunk to see if the particle size distribution was different in the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the feed bunk. The farms were situated in southern Sweden; Skåne, Småland, Kalmar- Öland, Östergötland, Mälardalen, Halland and Västergötland. In our studies we could not find any connection between farmers TLC and forage particle size. The cause of this might be velocity of the cutter and the aggressiveness of the kernel processer. In comparison with American recommendations, (Heinrichs and Kononoff, 2002), the studied maize silages had larger fraction of coarse particles. We could not find any big differences in TMRs particle size distribution in feed from the beginning, middle and at the end of feed tables. However we do not think that this part of our study is reliable anyway because of cows sorting in TMR, the TMRs different contents and the fact that we were not able to visit all farms just in time for their daily feeding. We have been able to see that cows sorted out big particles of fodder. The microbiological analyses showed that yeast occurred in 11 of 13 tested farms. There were also some mould growth of mainly Penicillium Roqueforti in the silages. The consistency of manure was looser in the dairy farms and firmer in the cattle farms and it was not possible to connect it with the maize silage, although the farmers seemed to think that the manure became firmer when maize silage was fed. Conclusions that we came to is that the actual particle size did not have any relationship with the theoretical length of cut and that Swedish maize silage have a larger fraction of coarse particles than American maize silages. We recommend to use corn cracker to give the maize silage better digestibility and when using aggressive kernel process you can increase TLC. It also is important that the silo size is adjusted to the daily feed rate otherwise yeast and mould easily grow in the cut surface. I detta arbete har vi gjort fältundersökningar på 22 gårdar (23 silor) för att studera sambandet mellan den faktiska partikelstorleken i majsensilaget och den teoretiska hackelselängden, (den som hacken är inställd på = TLC, som uppgivits av lantbrukarna). Detta har gjorts genom att använda New Penn State Particle Separator för att skaka våra foderprover i och sedan väga hur mycket som hamnat i respektive såll. För vår undersökning har SLU Skara låtit tillverka ett specialsåll som är grövre än de 4 såll som New Penn State Particle Separator är; 30 mm. Vi har även tagit ut prover från silons snittyta för mikrobiologiska analyser på 13 av gårdarna, dels 30 cm in från silons kant och dels i mitten av silon. Vi har även skakat prover från foderbord för att se om partikelstorleksfördelningen i fodret ser olika ut i början, mitten och i slutet på foderbordet. Gårdarna var jämnt spridda över Skåne, Småland, Kalmar- Öland, Östergötland, Mälardalen, Halland och Västergötland vilket gav oss möjlighet att täcka in ett stort geografiskt område. Syftet med examensarbetet var att få en samlad bild av hur skörd, konservering och utfodring av majs ser ut inom mjölk- och köttdjursproduktionen i dagsläget i Sverige. Målet var att resultatet ska kunna användas av rådgivare och lantbrukare och kunna utnyttjas till att identifiera och tydliggöra forsknings- och utvecklingsbehov. Litteraturstudierna har koncentrerats till artiklar om partikelstorlek i majsensilage och på foderbord i Total Mixed Rations, (TMR). Vi läste även om majsensilagets hygieniska kvalité och toxiner som kan bildas av mögel i majsensilage. Vidare var det några av gårdarna som inte använt corncracker alls eller haft en mindre åtdragen inställning på corncrackern vilket vi inte riktigt kunde förstå varför. Corncrackerns uppgift är att knäcka kärnorna efter att majsplantan passerat hacken. Vi har läst artiklar där användning och icke användning av corncracker jämförts, dels har vi valt artiklarna för att själva läsa på om ämnet, dels för att ge läsaren lite mer insikt om ämnet men även för att styrka våra resultat. Vi kom fram till att det inte finns något riktigt samband mellan TLC och den faktiska partikelstorleksfördelningen i majsensilaget, kanske beroende på körhastighet och corncrackeranvändning. I jämförelse med amerikanska rekommendationer (Heinrichs och Kononoff 2002) har majsensilagen i vår undersökning större andel grova partiklar. Vi kunde inte se någon större skillnad på partikelstorleksfördelningen i fodret på foderbordets början, mitt eller slut, men vi tror inte att den delen av undersökningen är helt tillförlitlig. Vi har dock kunnat se att alltför stora partiklar sorteras bort av korna. De mikrobiologiska analyserna visade jästförekomst på 11 av de 13 provtagna gårdarna och viss mögeltillväxt av främst Penicillium roqueforti. Träckens konsistens var lösare i mjölkbesättningarna och fastare i nötköttsbesättningarna, och gick inte direkt att koppla till användning av majsensilaget men lantbrukarna själva tyckte att träcken blivit fastare sedan de börjat använda majsensilage i sina foderblandningar. Slutsatser som vi drar av vår undersökning är att den faktiska partikelstorleken inte stämmer överens med den teoretiska hackelselängden och att majsensilage i Sverige innehåller en mycket större andel grova partiklar än vad majsensilage i USA gör. 2008-05-30 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12601/1/hansson_a_detlefsen_m_171024.pdf Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina and Hansson, Anna, 2008. Majsensilage : partikelstorleksfördelning och hygienisk kvalité. UNSPECIFIED, Alnarp. Alnarp: (LTJ, LTV) > Dept. of Rural Buildings and Animal Husbandry [LBT] <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/ANSTI=3A1602.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8206 swe |
| spellingShingle | Rural Buildings and Animal Husbandry (until 121231) Feed processing and preservation Schmidt Detlefsen, Martina Hansson, Anna Majsensilage |
| title | Majsensilage |
| title_full | Majsensilage |
| title_fullStr | Majsensilage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Majsensilage |
| title_short | Majsensilage |
| title_sort | majsensilage |
| topic | Rural Buildings and Animal Husbandry (until 121231) Feed processing and preservation |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12601/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12601/ |