Parasitering på en expanderande art
Warmer climate is a driving factor to species expansion northwards. Expansion to new areas can result in escape from natural enemies, resulting in reduced levels of mortality and thereby potentially increasing the rate of expansion. The most important parasitoid species attacking butterfly larvae be...
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco sueco |
| Publicado: |
2009
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12355/ |
| _version_ | 1855572048019980288 |
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| author | Söderlind, Cecilia |
| author_browse | Söderlind, Cecilia |
| author_facet | Söderlind, Cecilia |
| author_sort | Söderlind, Cecilia |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Warmer climate is a driving factor to species expansion northwards. Expansion to new areas can result in escape from natural enemies, resulting in reduced levels of mortality and thereby potentially increasing the rate of expansion. The most important parasitoid species attacking butterfly larvae belong to the families Tachinidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The aim of this thesis was to investigate parasitism and difference between populations in established area and newly colonized area for the European map butterfly, Araschnia levana, in order to examine if the butterfly has escaped from some natural enemies. In 1982 the first European map butterfly was observed in Sweden and has now established up to middle Småland. In order to see if the European map butterfly has escaped from natural enemies in newly colonized areas reared groups of larvae from the first generation where placed in the different areas (from Skåne up to the south of Småland). Larvae where collected after a time in the field and reared until they became adults. No parasitoids were hatched from any of the larval groups, and hence, there was no indication of lower parasitism in newly colonized area. One explanation for this can be that the European map butterfly has been established for a short time in Sweden and therefore can the whole range in Sweden be regarded as a newly colonized area. The method that was used in order to find parasitoids can also have influenced the result. The European map butterfly can despite this result have left their enemies behind when expanding northwards in Sweden. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU12355 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU123552017-10-18T10:57:04Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12355/ Parasitering på en expanderande art Söderlind, Cecilia Dept. of Ecology Animal ecology Warmer climate is a driving factor to species expansion northwards. Expansion to new areas can result in escape from natural enemies, resulting in reduced levels of mortality and thereby potentially increasing the rate of expansion. The most important parasitoid species attacking butterfly larvae belong to the families Tachinidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The aim of this thesis was to investigate parasitism and difference between populations in established area and newly colonized area for the European map butterfly, Araschnia levana, in order to examine if the butterfly has escaped from some natural enemies. In 1982 the first European map butterfly was observed in Sweden and has now established up to middle Småland. In order to see if the European map butterfly has escaped from natural enemies in newly colonized areas reared groups of larvae from the first generation where placed in the different areas (from Skåne up to the south of Småland). Larvae where collected after a time in the field and reared until they became adults. No parasitoids were hatched from any of the larval groups, and hence, there was no indication of lower parasitism in newly colonized area. One explanation for this can be that the European map butterfly has been established for a short time in Sweden and therefore can the whole range in Sweden be regarded as a newly colonized area. The method that was used in order to find parasitoids can also have influenced the result. The European map butterfly can despite this result have left their enemies behind when expanding northwards in Sweden. Varmare klimat kan leda till att arter sprider sig norrut. Genom expansion till nya områden kan arter delvis fly från sina naturliga fiender vilket skulle kunna bidra till att dödligheten blir låg i nykoloniserade områden. Mindre reglering från naturliga fiender kan minska dödligheten, vilket i sin tur ökar expansionshastigheten. De viktigaste parasitoiderna hos fjärilar är parasitflugor, bracksteklar och äkta parasitsteklar. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka frekvensskillnaden i parasitism mellan områden där kartfjärilen, Araschnia levana, varit etablerad en längre tid och mer nyetablerade populationer, för att testa om kartfjärilens spridning norrut har gjort att den flytt undan en del av sina naturliga fiender. I Sverige observerades kartfjärilen första gången 1982 och har nu etablerat sig upp till mellersta Småland. För att ta reda på om kartfjärilen flytt från fiender i det nykoloniserade området sattes uppfödda larver från första generation (vårgeneration) ut i fält på platser inom det etablerade området (Sydskåne) och det nykoloniserade området (norra Skåne och sydligaste Småland). Efter en tid ute i fält samlades larverna in och föddes upp fram till nästa generations fjärilar kläcktes. Inga parasitoider kläcktes från någon av de utplacerade grupperna, och alltså fanns det ingen skillnad i frekvensen av parasitism mellan det nykoloniserade området och det etablerade området. En anledning till detta skulle kunna vara att hela det svenska utbredningsområdet är ett nykoloniserat område dit parasitoider som finns längre söderut ännu inte har kommit. Metoden för att hitta parasitoider kan även ha påverkat resultatet. Kartfjärilen kan ha flytt från sin fiende även om detta arbete inte påvisar att så är fallet inom dess utbredning i Sverige. 2009-11-12 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12355/1/soderlind_c_171018.pdf Söderlind, Cecilia, 2009. Parasitering på en expanderande art : har kartfjärilen undkommit sina naturliga fiender?. UNSPECIFIED, Uppsala. Uppsala: (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Ecology <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-415.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-7980 swe |
| spellingShingle | Dept. of Ecology Animal ecology Söderlind, Cecilia Parasitering på en expanderande art |
| title | Parasitering på en expanderande art |
| title_full | Parasitering på en expanderande art |
| title_fullStr | Parasitering på en expanderande art |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parasitering på en expanderande art |
| title_short | Parasitering på en expanderande art |
| title_sort | parasitering på en expanderande art |
| topic | Dept. of Ecology Animal ecology |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12355/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12355/ |