The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh
Surface water drainage is together with water supply and wastewater management key parts of infrastructure in urban areas. As landscape architects we aim to find solutions that envisage aesthetical, social and ecological perspectives as well as technical. These aspects often go hand in hand and toge...
| Autores principales: | , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés sueco |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development
2008
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855572035475865600 |
|---|---|
| author | Englund, Gunilla Ryttar, Sara |
| author_browse | Englund, Gunilla Ryttar, Sara |
| author_facet | Englund, Gunilla Ryttar, Sara |
| author_sort | Englund, Gunilla |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Surface water drainage is together with water supply and wastewater management key parts of infrastructure in urban areas. As landscape architects we aim to find solutions that envisage aesthetical, social and ecological perspectives as well as technical. These aspects often go hand in hand and together they are part of the
sustainability concept.
Phnom Penh was in the sixties known as "the Pearl of Asia". The capital of Cambodia incorporated many green areas and water features and the architecture was blooming. After many troublesome years of cruel regimes and war the city is now degraded and the infrastructure is badly maintained. Corruption is widely spread and private construction companies are ruling the construction market and the urban planning.
The city is located on wetland by the conjunction of four great rivers. There are two dominating seasons, wet and dry and they shape the prerequisites for the city planning. Precipitation is a huge problem in the rainy season and most of the urban storm water is together with the city wastewater lead through open canals or drainage pipes to the surrounding wetlands. The wetlands biologically clean the contaminated water before it enters the rivers. The wetlands also possess great water storage capacity. Phnom Penh is protected from flooding by embankments (dikes). The urban storm water reaches the wetlands through sluiceways in the dry seasons. The sluiceways are closed during the rainy season to prevent the city from flooding and the storm water has to be pumped over the dikes.
Due to poor urban planning, corruption and increased land prices, the public green and blue areas in and around the city are rapidly disappearing and inundation of the city has become an enormous problem. New satellite cities have popped up in the wetlands and there is a shortage of public parks and spaces in the city centre. The water storage capacity of the wetlands has diminished due to constructions and polluted water reaches the rivers without cleaning and many sensitive ecosystems are lost.
Urbanisation is a fast ongoing process in Phnom Penh. The city needs to expand to cope with its increasing number of inhabitants. Development and expansion put a huge strain on the urban ecological and social structures. To protect and keep the sensitive ecosystems of the urban wetlands and lakes, a future city expansion must be well considered and the development should occur in phases.
An ecological storm water management tries to imitate nature as far as possible and use the prerequisites of the site. As much as possible of the storm water is therefore taken care of locally in an ecological storm water design. Urban environments generally consist of a majority of impermeable surfaces, which prevent water to infiltrate.
New development in Phnom Penh would benefit from ecological storm water design. The pressure on the under dimensioned drainage system of the city would lessen and problems
with inundation be reduced. If polluted water was taken care of locally, emissions in the sensitive rivers would diminish. Urban infiltration areas and storage ponds could be incorporated in future urban design.
Since flooding is an unavoidable occurring event in Phnom Penh, the city would benefit from adjusting to the rising water levels instead of fighting against them. Floodable areas incorporated in the urban design are efficient in dealing with the problem of inundation in the streets as well as a beautiful variable design feature.
We have chosen two sites in Phnom Penh that soon are about to be developed for construction Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Kak Lake. These two areas are both hydrologically interesting. They are located on low points in the city and today they serve as natural water storage features. Our thesis resulted in two design proposals that incorporate an ecological storm water perspective as well as a sustainable city perspective. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU12286 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Inglés swe |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU122862017-10-31T13:00:01Z The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh Asiens blå pärla : dagvatten som ett positivt inslag i staden : förslag till ett vackert och uthålligt Phnom Penh Englund, Gunilla Ryttar, Sara storm water urban development Phnom Penh Cambodia developing country urban design flooding sustainable development Surface water drainage is together with water supply and wastewater management key parts of infrastructure in urban areas. As landscape architects we aim to find solutions that envisage aesthetical, social and ecological perspectives as well as technical. These aspects often go hand in hand and together they are part of the sustainability concept. Phnom Penh was in the sixties known as "the Pearl of Asia". The capital of Cambodia incorporated many green areas and water features and the architecture was blooming. After many troublesome years of cruel regimes and war the city is now degraded and the infrastructure is badly maintained. Corruption is widely spread and private construction companies are ruling the construction market and the urban planning. The city is located on wetland by the conjunction of four great rivers. There are two dominating seasons, wet and dry and they shape the prerequisites for the city planning. Precipitation is a huge problem in the rainy season and most of the urban storm water is together with the city wastewater lead through open canals or drainage pipes to the surrounding wetlands. The wetlands biologically clean the contaminated water before it enters the rivers. The wetlands also possess great water storage capacity. Phnom Penh is protected from flooding by embankments (dikes). The urban storm water reaches the wetlands through sluiceways in the dry seasons. The sluiceways are closed during the rainy season to prevent the city from flooding and the storm water has to be pumped over the dikes. Due to poor urban planning, corruption and increased land prices, the public green and blue areas in and around the city are rapidly disappearing and inundation of the city has become an enormous problem. New satellite cities have popped up in the wetlands and there is a shortage of public parks and spaces in the city centre. The water storage capacity of the wetlands has diminished due to constructions and polluted water reaches the rivers without cleaning and many sensitive ecosystems are lost. Urbanisation is a fast ongoing process in Phnom Penh. The city needs to expand to cope with its increasing number of inhabitants. Development and expansion put a huge strain on the urban ecological and social structures. To protect and keep the sensitive ecosystems of the urban wetlands and lakes, a future city expansion must be well considered and the development should occur in phases. An ecological storm water management tries to imitate nature as far as possible and use the prerequisites of the site. As much as possible of the storm water is therefore taken care of locally in an ecological storm water design. Urban environments generally consist of a majority of impermeable surfaces, which prevent water to infiltrate. New development in Phnom Penh would benefit from ecological storm water design. The pressure on the under dimensioned drainage system of the city would lessen and problems with inundation be reduced. If polluted water was taken care of locally, emissions in the sensitive rivers would diminish. Urban infiltration areas and storage ponds could be incorporated in future urban design. Since flooding is an unavoidable occurring event in Phnom Penh, the city would benefit from adjusting to the rising water levels instead of fighting against them. Floodable areas incorporated in the urban design are efficient in dealing with the problem of inundation in the streets as well as a beautiful variable design feature. We have chosen two sites in Phnom Penh that soon are about to be developed for construction Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Kak Lake. These two areas are both hydrologically interesting. They are located on low points in the city and today they serve as natural water storage features. Our thesis resulted in two design proposals that incorporate an ecological storm water perspective as well as a sustainable city perspective. Dagvattenhantering är liksom dricksvattenförsörjning och avloppshantering viktiga delar av stadens infrastruktur. Landskapsarkitektens uppgift i sammanhanget är att skapa lösningar som tar hänsyn till estetiska, sociala och ekologiska värden, liksom tekniska lösningar. Dessa värden är alla viktiga och tillsammans utgör de grunden för ett uthålligt samhälle. Phnom Penh gick under sextiotalet även under namnet ”the Pearl of Asia”. Kambodjas huvudstad innefattade många grönytor och inslag av vatten och arkitekturen blomstrade. Efter många år av krig och en grym regim har staden förfallit och infrastrukturen är dåligt underhållen. Utbredd korruption är ett stort problem och privata byggföretag styr byggsektorn och stadsplaneringen. Staden är belägen på våtmarker där fyra stora floder flyter samman. Två årstider dominerar, regnperioden och torrperioden, och de skapar förutsättningarna för Phnom Penhs stadsplanering. Nederbörden utgör ett stort problem under regnperioden och en stor del av stadens dagvatten flyter tillsammans med avloppsvattnet i öppna kanaler eller dräneringsledningar ut i de omkringliggande våtmarkerna. Våtmarkerna har förmågan att rena det förorenade vattnet innan det släpps ut i floderna. Våtmarkerna har också en enorm kapacitet att lagra vatten. Höga vallar skyddar Phnom Penh från att översvämmas. Dagvattnet från staden rinner ut i våtmarkerna genom slusskanaler under torrperioden. Slussarna stängs under regnsäsongen för att förhindra att vatten från våtmarkerna översvämmar staden. Vattnet måste då istället pumpas ut från staden över vallarna. På grund av dålig stadsplanering, korruption och ökade markpriser har gröna och blå ytor i staden minskat kraftigt. Detta har medfört att staden oftare och lättare översvämmas. Nya satellitstäder har vuxit fram i våtmarkerna och staden lider brist på gröna offentliga utrymmen. Våtmarkernas vattenlagrande kapacitet har minskat på grund av den nya bebyggelsen och förorenat vatten släpps ut i de känsliga floderna utan rening. Många av stadens känsliga ekosystem har redan gått förlorade. Urbanisering är en snabb pågående process. Staden måste växa för att klara av att försörja den växade befolkningen. Den häftiga expansionen påverkar stadens ekologiska och sociala strukturer. En försiktig och välplanerad stegvis stadsutveckling är nödvändig för att skydda och bevara stadens känsliga våtmarker och sjöar. Ekologisk dagvattenhantering försöker så långt som möjligt efterlikna naturens naturliga förlopp och dra fördel av platsens unika förutsättningar. Så mycket som möjligt av dagvattnet bör tas om hand lokalt i en gestaltning som tar hänsyn till ekologiska dagvattenaspekter. Stadsmiljöer består vanligtvis av mycket hårdgjorda ytor, vilket försvårar infiltration i mark. Nybyggnation i Phnom Penh skulle gynnas av en ekologisk dagvattendesign. Trycket på stadens överbelastade dagvattennät skulle minska och översvämningarnas omfattning skulle reduceras. Lokalt omhändertagande av förorenat dagvatten skulle även medföra mindre utsläpp i de känsliga floderna. Infiltrationsytor och dagvattendammar är ett viktigt inslag i en ekologisk dagvattengestaltning. Eftersom översvämningar är ett oundvikligt och återkommande inslag i Phnom Penh, skulle staden dra fördel av att anpassa sig efter de sjunkande och stigande vattennivåerna istället för att kämpa emot dem. Att integrera översvämningsytor i gestaltningen är både vackert och ett effektivt sätt att bekämpa översvämningar av stadens gator och torg. Vi har intresserat oss för två platser i staden som inom en snar framtid kommer att bebyggas – Boeng Cheung Ek och Boeng Kak Lake. Dessa två platser är särskilt intressanta ur ett hydrologiskt perspektiv. De är belägna på lågpunkter i staden och tjänar idag som viktiga vattenmagasin. Vårt examensarbete mynnade ut i två gestaltningsförslag som tar hänsyn till ekologisk dagvattenhantering så väl som uthållig samhällsbyggnad. SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development 2008 L3 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12286/ |
| spellingShingle | storm water urban development Phnom Penh Cambodia developing country urban design flooding sustainable development Englund, Gunilla Ryttar, Sara The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh |
| title | The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh |
| title_full | The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh |
| title_fullStr | The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh |
| title_full_unstemmed | The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh |
| title_short | The blue pearl of Asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh |
| title_sort | blue pearl of asia : flooding as an urban asset : a beautiful and resilient future phnom penh |
| topic | storm water urban development Phnom Penh Cambodia developing country urban design flooding sustainable development |