Funktion utan hinder
Accessibility is today a topic of high current interest. It is a requirement for equality and a democracy question. By the year 2010, easy measured hindrances in all of Sweden's municipalities should be cleared away; this is stated in Swedish law. The physical accessibility to our public places is p...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco sueco |
| Publicado: |
2008
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12180/ |
| _version_ | 1855572015313846272 |
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| author | Ejdemo, Marie |
| author_browse | Ejdemo, Marie |
| author_facet | Ejdemo, Marie |
| author_sort | Ejdemo, Marie |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Accessibility is today a topic of high current interest. It is a requirement for equality and a democracy question. By the year 2010, easy measured hindrances in all of Sweden's municipalities should be cleared away; this is stated in Swedish law. The physical accessibility to our public places is particularly important for functionally disabled people since it affects their possibilities to be outdoors and also their participation in society. When designing these places, it is difficult to find solutions that fit everybody, especially since good accessibility not only should fulfill all physical requirements of accessibility but also values of experience. The questions addressed in this thesis therefore are: How is a good accessible environment created? How is an environment made as good as possible for all, despite that people have different needs? How is balance made between physical accessibility and values of experience? And, is it possible to preserve the identity and expression of a place and at the same time make it physically accessible according to all the demands of today?
The work is presented in four parts, starting with a theory part where the background to the concepts of accessibility and function disability is introduced along with an overview of the legislation that concerns the accessibility planning of today. The accessibility concept consists of both physical accessibility and experience-related accessibility. A place with good accessibility is physically accessible for everybody, and has at the same time good experience-related values, so that people want to use it.
The concept of functional disability has replaced the earlier used expression handicap. Nowadays the expression handicap refers to the limitations people experience in an environment with too great demands. In an environment created for all, nobody is handicapped. In order to create places for everybody, it is important to know the needs of the people that the places are intended for. For disabled people it is important with an environment with no hindrance. Visually handicapped people need an environment that is spacious and legible in color and tactility. People with hearing disabilities need environments with visual contrasts and as little noise as possible. People with cognitive impairment need an environment that is easy and logical to understand. People with allergic problems need an environment with as little allergy causing elements as possible.
The second part of this thesis consists of method and realization. The method part includes inventory and analysis of the two biggest localities, Heby and Östervåla, of Heby municipality. In the inventory of the localities' physical accessibility, different hindrances in primary thoroughfares in Heby and Östervåla have been mapped out. The hindrances that were found have been analyzed and put together in maps where they are ranked with respect to accessibility hindrance. Common problems were links with uneven paving on the ground, lack of side delimitation, inaccessible crossings, obstacles in the streets such as steps and signs, lack of contrast marks and handrails in stairs, and inaccessible bus stops and benches.
An inventory and analysis has also been done for Kyrkogatan, which is Heby's main centre. The analysis of Kyrkogatan includes, apart from the physical accessibility, also accessibility with experience values. The entrances of Kyrkogatan does not presently indicate particularly clearly that the centre is located further down the street. The active part of the centre, where the stores are, is today unattractive with big parking areas and an environment planned mostly for cars and traffic. The pavements on both sides of the street are at many places too narrow. The street has inaccessible bus stops, benches and has at several places birches that need to be replaced.
The third part of the thesis is an application part. With the result from the earlier parts of the work as background, this part presents a proposal for Kyrkogatan that shows how the street can be made accessible for everybody. This part also includes examples of how various occurrences can be made accessible, but also a discussion on how to think when creating accessible solutions that fits everybody while still being architecturally appealing. The skill of the architect or planner is much about its knowledge of reconciliation of physical and experiential accessibility. All solutions can hold several functions. For example, a low wall can serve both as a seating place and as a thoroughfare to gather armature, vegetation, bicycle parking etc.; at the same time it can work as a guideline for visually disabled people. The wall can also be made aesthetically attractive.
The fourth part of the thesis is a conclusion where analyzing methods, conceptions and conclusions are evaluated and summarized. At the end, there is a register with references and appendices. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU12180 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU121802017-11-06T09:16:45Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12180/ Funktion utan hinder Ejdemo, Marie Landscape architecture Accessibility is today a topic of high current interest. It is a requirement for equality and a democracy question. By the year 2010, easy measured hindrances in all of Sweden's municipalities should be cleared away; this is stated in Swedish law. The physical accessibility to our public places is particularly important for functionally disabled people since it affects their possibilities to be outdoors and also their participation in society. When designing these places, it is difficult to find solutions that fit everybody, especially since good accessibility not only should fulfill all physical requirements of accessibility but also values of experience. The questions addressed in this thesis therefore are: How is a good accessible environment created? How is an environment made as good as possible for all, despite that people have different needs? How is balance made between physical accessibility and values of experience? And, is it possible to preserve the identity and expression of a place and at the same time make it physically accessible according to all the demands of today? The work is presented in four parts, starting with a theory part where the background to the concepts of accessibility and function disability is introduced along with an overview of the legislation that concerns the accessibility planning of today. The accessibility concept consists of both physical accessibility and experience-related accessibility. A place with good accessibility is physically accessible for everybody, and has at the same time good experience-related values, so that people want to use it. The concept of functional disability has replaced the earlier used expression handicap. Nowadays the expression handicap refers to the limitations people experience in an environment with too great demands. In an environment created for all, nobody is handicapped. In order to create places for everybody, it is important to know the needs of the people that the places are intended for. For disabled people it is important with an environment with no hindrance. Visually handicapped people need an environment that is spacious and legible in color and tactility. People with hearing disabilities need environments with visual contrasts and as little noise as possible. People with cognitive impairment need an environment that is easy and logical to understand. People with allergic problems need an environment with as little allergy causing elements as possible. The second part of this thesis consists of method and realization. The method part includes inventory and analysis of the two biggest localities, Heby and Östervåla, of Heby municipality. In the inventory of the localities' physical accessibility, different hindrances in primary thoroughfares in Heby and Östervåla have been mapped out. The hindrances that were found have been analyzed and put together in maps where they are ranked with respect to accessibility hindrance. Common problems were links with uneven paving on the ground, lack of side delimitation, inaccessible crossings, obstacles in the streets such as steps and signs, lack of contrast marks and handrails in stairs, and inaccessible bus stops and benches. An inventory and analysis has also been done for Kyrkogatan, which is Heby's main centre. The analysis of Kyrkogatan includes, apart from the physical accessibility, also accessibility with experience values. The entrances of Kyrkogatan does not presently indicate particularly clearly that the centre is located further down the street. The active part of the centre, where the stores are, is today unattractive with big parking areas and an environment planned mostly for cars and traffic. The pavements on both sides of the street are at many places too narrow. The street has inaccessible bus stops, benches and has at several places birches that need to be replaced. The third part of the thesis is an application part. With the result from the earlier parts of the work as background, this part presents a proposal for Kyrkogatan that shows how the street can be made accessible for everybody. This part also includes examples of how various occurrences can be made accessible, but also a discussion on how to think when creating accessible solutions that fits everybody while still being architecturally appealing. The skill of the architect or planner is much about its knowledge of reconciliation of physical and experiential accessibility. All solutions can hold several functions. For example, a low wall can serve both as a seating place and as a thoroughfare to gather armature, vegetation, bicycle parking etc.; at the same time it can work as a guideline for visually disabled people. The wall can also be made aesthetically attractive. The fourth part of the thesis is a conclusion where analyzing methods, conceptions and conclusions are evaluated and summarized. At the end, there is a register with references and appendices. Tillgänglighet är ett högaktuellt ämne idag. Det är ett jämlikhetskrav och en demokratifråga. Senast år 2010 ska enkelt åtgärdade hinder i samtliga av Sveriges kommuner vara åtgärdade, det står i svensk lag. Den fysiska tillgängligheten på våra offentliga platser är särskilt viktig för funktionshindrade då den påverkar deras möjlighet till utevistelse och delaktighet i samhället. Det är dock svårt att vid utformandet av dessa platser hitta lösningar som passar alla, särskilt som en god tillgänglig plats inte bara ska uppfylla alla fysiska krav på tillgänglighet, utan även bör väga in till exempel upplevelsevärden. Mina frågeställningar i detta examensarbete har därför varit: Hur skapas en god tillgänglig miljö? Hur gör man en miljö så bra som möjligt för alla trots att brukargruppernas behov går isär? Hur gör man en avvägning mellan fysisk tillgänglighet och en plats upplevelsemässiga tillgängligheter? Går det att bevara en plats identitet och uttryck och samtidigt göra den fysiskt tillgänglig enligt alla krav som finns idag? Arbetet presenteras i fyra delar och inleds med en teoridel där bakgrunden till begreppen tillgänglighet och funktionshinder presenteras tillsammans med en översikt av de regelverk som berör tillgänglighetsplaneringen idag. Begreppet inrymmer både fysisk tillgänglighet och upplevelsemässig tillgänglighet. En god tillgänglig plats är fysiskt tillgänglig för alla, samtidigt som den har upplevelsemässiga kvaliteter så att människor vill använda den. Begreppet funktionshinder har ersatt det tidigare använda ordet handikapp. Numer står ordet handikapp för den begränsning man får i en miljö som ställer för höga krav. I en miljö utformad för alla, ska ingen behöva vara handikappad. För att kunna skapa platser för alla är det viktigt att känna till vilka olika behov de människor som ska använda platserna har. För rörelsehindrade personer krävs en miljö som är rymlig och fri från hinder. Synskadade behöver en miljö som är tydlig och kontrastrik i färg och taktilitet. Hörselskadade behöver tydlighet i det visuella och helst en så bullerfri miljö som möjligt. Kognitivt nedsatta har ett behov av att miljön är enkel och logisk så att orientering förtydligas och på så vis underlättas. Allergiker kräver en miljö med så få allergena ämnen som möjligt. I arbetets andra del presenteras metod och genomförande. Metoddelen bygger på inventering och analys av de två största orterna i Heby kommun, Heby och Östervåla. I inventeringen över orternas fysiska tillgänglighet har brister och hinder kartlagts i utvalda primära stråk i Heby och Östervåla. De funna bristerna har analyserats och sammanställts i kartor där de rangordnats efter hur pass mycket de försämrar tillgängligheten. Vanliga problem var länkar med ojämn markbeläggning, avsaknad av sidoavgränsning, ej tillgänglighetsanpassade övergångsställen, utstickande hinder i gångytor i form av trappsteg eller skyltar, avsaknad av kontrastmarkering och ledstång i trappa, otillgängliga hållplatser och sittplatser. Inventering och analys har också gjorts av Kyrkogatan, som är tätorten Hebys huvudsakliga centrum. I analyserna för Kyrkogatan har förutom den fysiska tillgängligheten, även den upplevelsemässiga tillgängligheten undersökts. Kyrkogatans infarter indikerar i dagsläget inte särskilt tydligt på att centrum ligger längre in på gatan. Den aktiva delen av butikscentrum är idag oattraktiv med stora parkeringsytor och en miljö i första hand planerad för bilar och trafik. Trottoarerna längs med hela gatan är på många ställen för smala. Gatan har otillgängliga hållplatser och sittplatser och på en del ställen finns björkar som behöver bytas ut. Den tredje delen av arbetet är en tillämpningsdel. Med resultatet från de tidigare delarna som grund presenteras här ett gestaltningsförslag för Kyrkogatan som visar hur gatan kan bli tillgänglig för alla. Denna del innehåller också typlösningar som visar hur olika företeelser kan bli tillgängliga och exempel på hur man kan tänka vid framtagandet av tillgängliga lösningar som ska passa alla samtidigt som de är arkitektoniskt tilltalande. Gestaltaren och planerarens konst handlar mycket om att förena fysisk och upplevelsemässig tillgänglighet. Varje lösning kan inrymma flera funktioner. Till exempel kan en låg mur fungera både som sittplatser och som ett stråk att samla belysningsarmaturer, växtlighet, cykelställ med mera i, samtidigt som det är ett referensstråk i orienteringen för synskadade. Muren kan dessutom utformas på ett estetiskt tilltalande sätt. Den fjärde delen av arbetet är en avslutning där analysmetoder, begrepp och slutsatser utvärderas och sammanfattas. Sist följer en förteckning över referenser och bilagor. 2008-08-18 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12180/1/ejdemo_m_171106.pdf Ejdemo, Marie, 2007. Funktion utan hinder : fysiskt och upplevelsemässigt tillgängliga miljöer med fokus på funktionshindrade och med Heby kommun som exempel. UNSPECIFIED, Uppsala. Uppsala: (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Urban and Rural Development (LTJ, LTV) > Dept. of Urban and Rural Development <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-595.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8588 swe |
| spellingShingle | Landscape architecture Ejdemo, Marie Funktion utan hinder |
| title | Funktion utan hinder |
| title_full | Funktion utan hinder |
| title_fullStr | Funktion utan hinder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Funktion utan hinder |
| title_short | Funktion utan hinder |
| title_sort | funktion utan hinder |
| topic | Landscape architecture |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12180/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12180/ |