Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark
The purpose with this thesis is to investigate how to design a urban space so that it is experienced safe and how to implement this at an actual site. Knowledge on the subject has been gathered through litterature studies and interviews with experts. Through an analysis of the site with surround...
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development
2007
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855571990470983680 |
|---|---|
| author | Persson, Helena |
| author_browse | Persson, Helena |
| author_facet | Persson, Helena |
| author_sort | Persson, Helena |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | The purpose with this thesis is to investigate how to design a
urban space so that it is experienced safe and how to implement
this at an actual site. Knowledge on the subject has
been gathered through litterature studies and interviews with
experts. Through an analysis of the site with surroundings and
studies of projects with similar problems, practical actions
have been observed. Part taking in the municipalities planning
process has given insight in the projekt as an whole and
the interests of different parties.
There are many different opinions about what the word safety
means. It is a feeling depending on situation, that is affecting
our daily behaviour. Safety can be divided into the actual
safety and the perceived safety. The actual safety is the lack
of or protection against risks, while the perceived safety is
the personally experienced feeling of safety. My definition
of the word safety is described with the "Safety Concept". It
consists of three aspects: Control, Constant and Contact. For
the experience of safety there needs to be a balance between
these three. Social and situational prevention is mentioned
within the field of crime prevention. In this thesis I focus on
the situational prevention, which means the physical form of
a place and the maintenance of it.
The City Beautiful movement wanted to create a beautiful
city center, make the citizens proud of it and thereby get a
sense of belonging. The ambition was to achieve a common
moral and social control. Jane Jacobs advocates variety and
multiplicity in both the built environment, efficacies and
people. According to her it shapes a living urban environment
and a safe society.
The CPTED-theory explains that criminal behaviour is
depending more on the environmental conditions than the
character of the individual. Therefore are both social and
environmental actions needed. Oscar Newman's theory about
Defensible Space is focusing on urban residential areas and
aims to prevent crime through an physical expression of the
social structure. The Broken Windows theory is about the
importance of maintenance in an area. The idea is to take
action as soon as a minor crime is comitted and thereby
prevent serious crime. Space Syntax is a analysismethod that
investigates how spatial networks interact seen in the users
perspective. Since the movements in a city is generated by its
form, a good urban environment should have segregated local
streets inside an integrated road network.
The Swedish Police Authority has produced the handbook
"BoTryggt05" that is focusing on the situational crime
prevention. It's aim is both to build out crime and to build in
safety. "Brå" is a research center within the justice department
that is assigned by the Swedish government to reduce
crime and increase safety in the society. It is also supporting
local crime prevention.
At the "Östra Ågatan" in Uppsala, Sweden, an open urban
space has been created with room for everyone, and thereby a
safer environment. After consultation with the citizens "Högdalens
Centrum" was made car-free and got flower pots, and
thereby became a safer environment. In central Stockholm the
"Sergelgången" has been renewed and privatized to gain control
over the problems with drug users at the site. The work
has also been supported with social actions. A workgroup in
Sundbyberg has formulated a plan of action to improve the
safety. The plan includes lighting, maintenance, surveillance
and house protection. A tunnel has also been transformed to
become brighter and more lucid.
The discussion leads to the conclusions:
* Democracy is depending on the respect of the citizens that
is created by safety, and the citizens safety is essential for a
democratic society.
* The integrating method should be used to create a democratic
society and the isolating method should be allowed to
protect the individuals right to integrity close to the residense.
* The presense of other people creates a sense of safety.
* A place should be associated with positive memories and a
sense of belonging.
* It is important to clearly communicate what is public and
what is private.
* Management and maintenance is essential to uphold the
actions for safety.
* Physical design can effect peoples actions and experience
of a place.
When the studied theories and investigations are related to the
Safety Concept, it reveals that most theories are focusing on
Controlling and Constant actions. My ambition is to balance
the three aspects. I have formulated six "Safety Factors"
that are important for design of a safe urban space. They are
Presence, Activity, Clearness, Visibility, Caretaking and Consideration.
It is all about being at the site, seing the place and
the people there, taking care of it and feel for it. Then I've
applied these six Safety Factors on the proposal for Mörby
Stadspark. From the drawn conclusions and the wishes of
the municipality an ideaprogram has been formulated for the
park. It is including a site analysis, a situation plan, sections,
perspectives, a lightingplan and a schematic designprogram.
The ideaprogram can be used as a base for the future planning
to achieve a safe urban space. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU12049 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU120492017-11-13T09:49:59Z Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark Safety design for Mörby municipal park Persson, Helena trygghet idéprogram centrum analys The purpose with this thesis is to investigate how to design a urban space so that it is experienced safe and how to implement this at an actual site. Knowledge on the subject has been gathered through litterature studies and interviews with experts. Through an analysis of the site with surroundings and studies of projects with similar problems, practical actions have been observed. Part taking in the municipalities planning process has given insight in the projekt as an whole and the interests of different parties. There are many different opinions about what the word safety means. It is a feeling depending on situation, that is affecting our daily behaviour. Safety can be divided into the actual safety and the perceived safety. The actual safety is the lack of or protection against risks, while the perceived safety is the personally experienced feeling of safety. My definition of the word safety is described with the "Safety Concept". It consists of three aspects: Control, Constant and Contact. For the experience of safety there needs to be a balance between these three. Social and situational prevention is mentioned within the field of crime prevention. In this thesis I focus on the situational prevention, which means the physical form of a place and the maintenance of it. The City Beautiful movement wanted to create a beautiful city center, make the citizens proud of it and thereby get a sense of belonging. The ambition was to achieve a common moral and social control. Jane Jacobs advocates variety and multiplicity in both the built environment, efficacies and people. According to her it shapes a living urban environment and a safe society. The CPTED-theory explains that criminal behaviour is depending more on the environmental conditions than the character of the individual. Therefore are both social and environmental actions needed. Oscar Newman's theory about Defensible Space is focusing on urban residential areas and aims to prevent crime through an physical expression of the social structure. The Broken Windows theory is about the importance of maintenance in an area. The idea is to take action as soon as a minor crime is comitted and thereby prevent serious crime. Space Syntax is a analysismethod that investigates how spatial networks interact seen in the users perspective. Since the movements in a city is generated by its form, a good urban environment should have segregated local streets inside an integrated road network. The Swedish Police Authority has produced the handbook "BoTryggt05" that is focusing on the situational crime prevention. It's aim is both to build out crime and to build in safety. "Brå" is a research center within the justice department that is assigned by the Swedish government to reduce crime and increase safety in the society. It is also supporting local crime prevention. At the "Östra Ågatan" in Uppsala, Sweden, an open urban space has been created with room for everyone, and thereby a safer environment. After consultation with the citizens "Högdalens Centrum" was made car-free and got flower pots, and thereby became a safer environment. In central Stockholm the "Sergelgången" has been renewed and privatized to gain control over the problems with drug users at the site. The work has also been supported with social actions. A workgroup in Sundbyberg has formulated a plan of action to improve the safety. The plan includes lighting, maintenance, surveillance and house protection. A tunnel has also been transformed to become brighter and more lucid. The discussion leads to the conclusions: * Democracy is depending on the respect of the citizens that is created by safety, and the citizens safety is essential for a democratic society. * The integrating method should be used to create a democratic society and the isolating method should be allowed to protect the individuals right to integrity close to the residense. * The presense of other people creates a sense of safety. * A place should be associated with positive memories and a sense of belonging. * It is important to clearly communicate what is public and what is private. * Management and maintenance is essential to uphold the actions for safety. * Physical design can effect peoples actions and experience of a place. When the studied theories and investigations are related to the Safety Concept, it reveals that most theories are focusing on Controlling and Constant actions. My ambition is to balance the three aspects. I have formulated six "Safety Factors" that are important for design of a safe urban space. They are Presence, Activity, Clearness, Visibility, Caretaking and Consideration. It is all about being at the site, seing the place and the people there, taking care of it and feel for it. Then I've applied these six Safety Factors on the proposal for Mörby Stadspark. From the drawn conclusions and the wishes of the municipality an ideaprogram has been formulated for the park. It is including a site analysis, a situation plan, sections, perspectives, a lightingplan and a schematic designprogram. The ideaprogram can be used as a base for the future planning to achieve a safe urban space. att det upplevs tryggt och hur det kan tillämpas vid planeringen av en verklig plats. Kunskap inom ämnesområdet har inhämtats genom litteraturstudier samt intervjuer med sakkunniga. En platsanalys har genomförts både i det aktuella parkområdet och i dess omgivning. Studier av referensobjekt i liknande stadsrum med liknande problematik har gjorts för att se åtgärder i praktiken. Medverkan i kommunens planeringsprocess har gett insikt i projektets helhet och aktörernas olika intressen. Det finns många olika uppfattningar om vad man menar med ordet trygghet. Det är en situationsberoende känsla som påverkar vårt dagliga beteende. Trygghet kan delas upp i den faktiska tryggheten och den upplevda tryggheten. Den faktiska tryggheten syftar på avsaknad av eller skydd mot risker medan den upplevda tryggheten är den personligt upplevda känslan. Min definition av ordet trygghet beskrivs med figuren av Trygghetsbegreppet som består av tre aspekter: Kontroll, Konstant och Kontakt. För en upplevelse av trygghet bör det vara balans mellan aspekternas egenskaper. Inom brottsförebyggande arbete talar man om social prevention och situationell prevention. I detta arbete är det den situationella preventionen jag fokuserar på, de åtgärder man utför på plats såsom utformning av den fysiska miljön och förvaltning av den. Inom City Beautiful-rörelsen ville man skapa en vacker stad och ingjuta en stolthet i medborgarna som därigenom förenas i sin känsla av tillhörighet till staden. Man ville uppnå en gemensam moral och social kontroll. Jane Jacobs förespråkar variation och mångfald både uttryckt i byggd miljö, verksamheter och folkgrupper. Det formar, enligt henne, den levande stadsmiljö som skapar ett tryggt samhälle. CPTED -teorin förklarar att kriminellas beteende styrs mer av omgivningens villkor än av individens karaktär. Därför krävs både sociala och situationella åtgärder. Oscar Newmans teori Defensible Space fokuserar på bostadsområden i stadsmiljö och syftar till att förebygga brott med ett fysiskt uttryck av den självförsvarande sociala strukturen. Teorin om Broken Windows handlar om vikten av att underhålla ett område. Tanken är att man ska ingripa redan vid mindre brott och därmed förhindra att större brott uppstår. Space Syntax är en metod som analyserar rumsliga nätverk sett ur användarens perspektiv. Då rörelserna i stadsrummet genereras av dess utformning bör en bra stadsmiljö ha segregerade lokala gator inbakade i ett integrerat vägnät. Polismyndigheten har framställt skriften BoTryggt05 som fokuserar på situationell prevention. Den syftar både till att bygga bort brott samt att bygga in trygghet. Brå arbetar på uppdrag av Sveriges regering för att minska brottsligheten och öka tryggheten i samhället. Det är ett centrum för forskning och utveckling inom rättsväsendet som stödjer lokalt brottsförebyggande arbete. I Uppsala har man vid Östra Ågatan lyckats skapa ett öppet stadsrum med plats för alla och därmed uppnått trygghet. Vid Högdalens Centrum har man efter samråd med invånare beslutat att förhindra infart av motorfordon och skapa fler blomsterplanteringar för att skapa en tryggare miljö. I centrala Stockholm har man upprustat en del av Sergelgången och skapat en inomhusmiljö som tillhör de anslutande butikerna. Arbetet har kompletterats med sociala åtgärder då man har stora problem med missbrukare på platsen. En arbetsgrupp har formulerat en handlingsplan för att öka tryggheten i Sundbybergs Centrum. I det ingår förbättrad belysning, klottersanering, samordning av förvaltningen, ökad bevakning och ett program för bättre skalskydd. En tunnel har också byggts om för att bli ljusare samt mer överskådlig. Diskussionen leder till slutsatserna: * Demokratin är beroende av medborgarnas respekt som skapas genom trygghet, och medborgarnas trygghet är grundläggande för ett demokratiskt samhälle. * Den integrerande metoden bör användas för att skapa ett demokratiskt samhälle och den isolerande metoden bör tillåtas för att skydda individens rätt till integritet närmast bostaden. * Närvaron av andra människor ger en känsla av trygghet. * För att en plats ska kännas trygg bör den kopplas till positiva minnen och en känsla av tillhörighet. * Det är viktigt att tydligt visa vad som är offentligt och vad som är privat. * Drift och underhåll är väsentligt för att trygghetsskapande åtgärder ska fungera. * Fysisk utformning kan påverka människors beteende och upplevelse av en plats. Då de studerade teorierna och utredningarna relateras till trygghetsbegreppet kan man se att de flesta teorierna fokuserar mest på kontrollerande och konstanta åtgärder. Min ambition är att istället balansera alla de tre aspekterna. Utifrån källstudierna och egna funderingar har jag formulerat sex stycken trygghetsfaktorer som man bör tänka då man vill åstadkomma en trygghetsskapande design. De är Närvaro, Aktivitet, Tydlighet, Synlighet, Omvårdnad och Omtanke. Det handlar om att vara på platsen, se miljön och varandra, samt att sköta om platsen och känna för den. Dessa sex trygghetsfaktorer har sedan applicerats på ett förslag till ny utformning av Mörby Stadspark. Utifrån dragna slutsatser och kommunens önskemål har ett idéprogram utformats för parken. Det innehåller en platsanalys, situationsplan, sektioner, perspektiv, belysningsplan samt ett övergripande gestaltningsprogram. Idéprogrammet kan användas som ett underlag inför framtida planeringsarbete för att skapa ett tryggt stadsrum. SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development 2007 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/12049/ |
| spellingShingle | trygghet idéprogram centrum analys Persson, Helena Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark |
| title | Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark |
| title_full | Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark |
| title_fullStr | Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark |
| title_short | Trygghetsskapande design av Mörby stadspark |
| title_sort | trygghetsskapande design av mörby stadspark |
| topic | trygghet idéprogram centrum analys |