Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar
Organic rearing of broilers is not a large production in Sweden. In order to create a sustainable yet efficient production of organically produced poultry meat, at a price that the consumers are willing to pay, much more knowledge is needed. It is therefore important to do more research on organic b...
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco sueco |
| Publicado: |
2006
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11931/ |
| _version_ | 1855571968223346688 |
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| author | Lagerstedt, Åsa |
| author_browse | Lagerstedt, Åsa |
| author_facet | Lagerstedt, Åsa |
| author_sort | Lagerstedt, Åsa |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Organic rearing of broilers is not a large production in Sweden. In order to create a sustainable yet efficient production of organically produced poultry meat, at a price that the consumers are willing to pay, much more knowledge is needed. It is therefore important to do more research on organic broilers under Swedish conditions. This report is aimed to be a base for further studies.
In the study 2000 broilers of the hybrid Ross 308 divided in to two equal groups. The broiler hybrids that are used in Sweden are selected for a high growth rate and are normally slaughtered at the age of 5 to 6 weeks, with a slaughter weight of 1.7-2 kg. They are presumed to be less suited for rearing to a higher age. The broilers in this study were reared according to the rules of organic production to an age of ten weeks and reached a slaughter weight of approximately 4.5 kg. Rearing these hybrids to such a high slaughter weight can have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of the broilers, mainly considering the leg health. Numerous birds in this study had to be culled due to different leg problems. A slower growing hybrid would be desirable in organic broiler production, but is not available in Sweden at the moment.
The broilers were kept indoors in a warm stable on the floor with wood shavings until the age of 25 days. Then they were moved to an outdoor stable with a daily access to pasture. The size of the pasture was 4 m2 per chicken. Only a small number of the broilers made use of the pasture despite the set up wind shields. The broilers preferred to be outside for half an hour in the morning, and spent the rest of the day inside the outdoor stable, close to feed and water.
In the study two different organically approved broiler feeds (according to the rules of KRAV) were compared. The first group got a more traditional feed consisting of organic soy expeller and fish meal. The second group got a feed based on protein feedstuffs that can be produced locally in Sweden such as potato protein, malt sprouts and peas.
For poultry the most important essential amino acids are metionin and cysteine. These amino acids are very important components in the development of feathers. Most feedstuffs that are used today in broiler feed have a low content of sulphuric amino acids compared to the needs of the birds. In conventional production this is not a problem since one can add synthetic amino acids however this is not permitted according to KRAV-regulations. Hence, to get a sufficient amount of essential amino acids in organic production it is often necessary to over feed proteins. It is very important with a well-balanced feed with a sufficient level of amino acids but with relatively low energy content. This is to keep the chickens healthy without getting too heavy. If they do get too heavy they often tend to get leg and feet problems.
The result of the study showed no large differences in growth rate, feed conversion (approximately 2.8 kg feed/kg chicken for both groups) or mortality (at about 15 %) between the groups. In the group that got locally produced feed a total of 17 broilers were killed by predators. At the age of three weeks there was a cannibalism outbreak in the soy/fish meal group. No such tendencies were shown in the group that got the locally based feed. After a month with access to pasture a low occurrence of coccidie, a kind of intestinal parasite, were detected. Also the intestinal bacteria campylobacter were detected, which is often the case among chickens with accesses to pasture. No salmonella was found. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU11931 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU119312017-11-15T12:28:21Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11931/ Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar Lagerstedt, Åsa Animal feeding Organic rearing of broilers is not a large production in Sweden. In order to create a sustainable yet efficient production of organically produced poultry meat, at a price that the consumers are willing to pay, much more knowledge is needed. It is therefore important to do more research on organic broilers under Swedish conditions. This report is aimed to be a base for further studies. In the study 2000 broilers of the hybrid Ross 308 divided in to two equal groups. The broiler hybrids that are used in Sweden are selected for a high growth rate and are normally slaughtered at the age of 5 to 6 weeks, with a slaughter weight of 1.7-2 kg. They are presumed to be less suited for rearing to a higher age. The broilers in this study were reared according to the rules of organic production to an age of ten weeks and reached a slaughter weight of approximately 4.5 kg. Rearing these hybrids to such a high slaughter weight can have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of the broilers, mainly considering the leg health. Numerous birds in this study had to be culled due to different leg problems. A slower growing hybrid would be desirable in organic broiler production, but is not available in Sweden at the moment. The broilers were kept indoors in a warm stable on the floor with wood shavings until the age of 25 days. Then they were moved to an outdoor stable with a daily access to pasture. The size of the pasture was 4 m2 per chicken. Only a small number of the broilers made use of the pasture despite the set up wind shields. The broilers preferred to be outside for half an hour in the morning, and spent the rest of the day inside the outdoor stable, close to feed and water. In the study two different organically approved broiler feeds (according to the rules of KRAV) were compared. The first group got a more traditional feed consisting of organic soy expeller and fish meal. The second group got a feed based on protein feedstuffs that can be produced locally in Sweden such as potato protein, malt sprouts and peas. For poultry the most important essential amino acids are metionin and cysteine. These amino acids are very important components in the development of feathers. Most feedstuffs that are used today in broiler feed have a low content of sulphuric amino acids compared to the needs of the birds. In conventional production this is not a problem since one can add synthetic amino acids however this is not permitted according to KRAV-regulations. Hence, to get a sufficient amount of essential amino acids in organic production it is often necessary to over feed proteins. It is very important with a well-balanced feed with a sufficient level of amino acids but with relatively low energy content. This is to keep the chickens healthy without getting too heavy. If they do get too heavy they often tend to get leg and feet problems. The result of the study showed no large differences in growth rate, feed conversion (approximately 2.8 kg feed/kg chicken for both groups) or mortality (at about 15 %) between the groups. In the group that got locally produced feed a total of 17 broilers were killed by predators. At the age of three weeks there was a cannibalism outbreak in the soy/fish meal group. No such tendencies were shown in the group that got the locally based feed. After a month with access to pasture a low occurrence of coccidie, a kind of intestinal parasite, were detected. Also the intestinal bacteria campylobacter were detected, which is often the case among chickens with accesses to pasture. No salmonella was found. Ekologisk uppfödning av slaktkyckling är ingen stor produktionsgren i Sverige. För att få en hållbar och samtidigt effektiv produktion av ekologiskt kycklingkött- till ett pris som konsumenterna är villiga att betala- behövs mycket mer kunskap om denna produktionsgren. Studien var den första i en serie försök med syfte att utöka kunskapen om och utveckla möjligheterna för ekologisk slaktkycklingproduktion i Sverige. I försöket ingick 2000 kycklingar av hybriden Ross 308, indelade i två grupper med 1000 djur i varje. De slaktkycklingshybrider som används i Sverige, däribland den i studien använda, är selekterade för en hög tillväxthastighet och slaktas normalt vid 5 till 6 veckors ålder och vid en slaktvikt på 1, 7-2 kg. De antas därför vara mindre lämpade att födas upp till en högre ålder. Kycklingarna i försöket föddes- enligt reglerna för ekologisk uppfödning- upp till 10 veckor med en slaktvikt på ca 4,5 kg. Att föda upp dessa hybrider till denna höga vikt kan dock ha negativ effekt på kycklingarnas hälsa och välfärd, framförallt avseende benhälsan. Många kycklingar fick avlivas på grund av olika benproblem. Ett mer långsamväxande djurmaterial skulle därför vara önskvärt i ekologisk kycklinguppfödning, men finns inte att tillgå i Sverige för tillfället. Kycklingarna hölls först inomhus i ett uppvärmt stall på golv med kutterspån till 25 dagars ålder. Därefter flyttades de till två hus med tillgång till daglig utevistelse. Rastgårdens storlek var 4 m2/kyckling. Endast ett mindre antal kycklingar utnyttjade dock utevistelsen trots uppsatta vindskydd. De kycklingarna fördrog att vara ute en stund på morgonen för att sedan spendera resten av dagen inne i utestallet, nära mat och vatten. I försöket jämfördes två olika foder sammansatta enligt KRAV:s regler för ekologiskt slaktkycklingproduktion. Det ena fodret baserades på traditionella proteinfodermedel såsom soja och fiskmjöl. Det andra fodret innehöll proteinfodermedel som kan produceras i Sverige såsom ärter, potatisprotein och maltgroddar. Fåglar har ett större behov av svavelhaltiga aminosyror än andra djur eftersom proteinet i deras fjäderdräkt innehåller en stor andel svavelhaltiga aminosyror (framför allt metionin). De flesta fodermedel som finns att tillgå har låga halter svavelhaltiga aminosyror jämfört med fåglarnas behov. Inom den konventionella kycklinguppfödningen tillsätts därför normalt syntetiska aminosyror, för att få en bra aminosyrabalans i fodret. Då syntetiska aminosyror inte är tillåtet i ekologisk uppfödning, kan det vara svårt att producera ett foder med den aminosyrabalans som krävs för en god djurhälsa. Resultatet av studien visade inga tydliga skillnader mellan grupperna i fråga om tillväxthastighet, foderutnyttjande (ca 2,8 kg foder/kg kyckling för båda grupperna) eller dödlighet. Efter en månad med tillgång till utevistelse, påvisades en låg förekomst av koccidier- en typ av tarmparasiter. Även tarmbakterien campylobakter påvisades, vilket oftast är fallet hos kycklingar med utevistelse. Salmonella påvisades inte. 2006-10-23 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11931/1/lagerstedt_a_171115.pdf Lagerstedt, Åsa, 2006. Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar : en jämförelse mellan två olika foder. UNSPECIFIED, Uppsala. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-650.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8847 swe |
| spellingShingle | Animal feeding Lagerstedt, Åsa Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| title | Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| title_full | Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| title_fullStr | Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| title_short | Ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| title_sort | ekologiskt uppfödda kycklingar |
| topic | Animal feeding |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11931/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11931/ |