A study of Village Milking Centre in China
The aim of the study was to compile and evaluate Village Milking Centre (VMC) in China for DeLaval. VMC is a centre provided with milking machines and bulk milk coolers. Local farmers bring their cows to the VMC two to three times per day. Earlier there was Milk Collecting Centres (MCC) where the fa...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Otro |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2006
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11915/ |
| _version_ | 1855571965260070912 |
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| author | Främling, Maja-Lena |
| author_browse | Främling, Maja-Lena |
| author_facet | Främling, Maja-Lena |
| author_sort | Främling, Maja-Lena |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | The aim of the study was to compile and evaluate Village Milking Centre (VMC) in China for DeLaval. VMC is a centre provided with milking machines and bulk milk coolers. Local farmers bring their cows to the VMC two to three times per day. Earlier there was Milk Collecting Centres (MCC) where the farmers delivered the milk. The first VMC was instituted about ten years ago, it has been a rapid development of VMC and today there are more than 3000.
The last 20 years the dairy production in China has experienced a large change. In the past it was dominated by state-owned dairy operations. Year 2000 smallholder dairy farms accounted for about 77% of the total number of dairy cows. Dairy production is a labour-consuming industry and it has an important role for the rural development and more and more farmers are interested in dairy cows.
The reason for the fast development of the dairy industry in China is that the government have put emphasises on the dairy production and they have implemented promotional programmes for milk consumption. One programme is the "School milk" programme which is targeted at more than 400 million children and teenagers. Many children and teenagers in China have deficiency of protein and calcium. The school milk programme have resulted in that the nutritional condition of the students and pupils have improved.
An interview study was made with the help of prepared questionnaires. Together with a translator and DeLaval servicemen 16 VMC were visited, 16 managers/owners and 67 farmers were interviewed. Two dairy processors were visited and five DeLaval servicemen interviewed. Except for the questionnaires a "check list" about things that should be studied was used. Milk samples for analyses of milk somatic cell count (SCC) were taken at every VMC. A camera for documentation was also brought to all VMCs.
All VMCs participating in this study was established between 1999 and 2004. The number of households for each VMC ranged between 20 and 300 with an average of 77. Positive things with the VMCs were that the farmers had got less work and better economy. There are many new farmers that want to test dairy production because of a more safe income and investment in dairy cattle seems to be a good business.
Because VMC and dairy industry in China still is in its beginning it is defective and there are several steps that need to be done to secure a safe milk quality, especially if the milk consumption will continue to increase. The hygiene and the service of the milking machines were deficient at all the places visited. The average SCC for the bulk tank milk for all VMCs was 1 455 000/ml and that indicates that the udder health was very poor for a major part of the cows.
For all of the parts that in one way or another are involved in the milk production there are insufficient knowledge about dairy production, which indicates that education about milk production is needed. Very few of the managers/owner to the VMC have had dairy cows themselves and they saw the VMC as a business where they have too keep all costs as low as possible, in many cases they didn't buy detergents, spare parts and so on. In the long run this will give problem with the milk quality. The dairy production needs a quality payment system where the farmers will earn more money if they manage to produce milk of good quality. When the study was made most of the managers/owners and the farmers were paid according to milk yield. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU11915 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU119152017-11-16T09:18:43Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11915/ A study of Village Milking Centre in China Främling, Maja-Lena Animal feeding The aim of the study was to compile and evaluate Village Milking Centre (VMC) in China for DeLaval. VMC is a centre provided with milking machines and bulk milk coolers. Local farmers bring their cows to the VMC two to three times per day. Earlier there was Milk Collecting Centres (MCC) where the farmers delivered the milk. The first VMC was instituted about ten years ago, it has been a rapid development of VMC and today there are more than 3000. The last 20 years the dairy production in China has experienced a large change. In the past it was dominated by state-owned dairy operations. Year 2000 smallholder dairy farms accounted for about 77% of the total number of dairy cows. Dairy production is a labour-consuming industry and it has an important role for the rural development and more and more farmers are interested in dairy cows. The reason for the fast development of the dairy industry in China is that the government have put emphasises on the dairy production and they have implemented promotional programmes for milk consumption. One programme is the "School milk" programme which is targeted at more than 400 million children and teenagers. Many children and teenagers in China have deficiency of protein and calcium. The school milk programme have resulted in that the nutritional condition of the students and pupils have improved. An interview study was made with the help of prepared questionnaires. Together with a translator and DeLaval servicemen 16 VMC were visited, 16 managers/owners and 67 farmers were interviewed. Two dairy processors were visited and five DeLaval servicemen interviewed. Except for the questionnaires a "check list" about things that should be studied was used. Milk samples for analyses of milk somatic cell count (SCC) were taken at every VMC. A camera for documentation was also brought to all VMCs. All VMCs participating in this study was established between 1999 and 2004. The number of households for each VMC ranged between 20 and 300 with an average of 77. Positive things with the VMCs were that the farmers had got less work and better economy. There are many new farmers that want to test dairy production because of a more safe income and investment in dairy cattle seems to be a good business. Because VMC and dairy industry in China still is in its beginning it is defective and there are several steps that need to be done to secure a safe milk quality, especially if the milk consumption will continue to increase. The hygiene and the service of the milking machines were deficient at all the places visited. The average SCC for the bulk tank milk for all VMCs was 1 455 000/ml and that indicates that the udder health was very poor for a major part of the cows. For all of the parts that in one way or another are involved in the milk production there are insufficient knowledge about dairy production, which indicates that education about milk production is needed. Very few of the managers/owner to the VMC have had dairy cows themselves and they saw the VMC as a business where they have too keep all costs as low as possible, in many cases they didn't buy detergents, spare parts and so on. In the long run this will give problem with the milk quality. The dairy production needs a quality payment system where the farmers will earn more money if they manage to produce milk of good quality. When the study was made most of the managers/owners and the farmers were paid according to milk yield. Målet med examensarbetet var att utvärdera konceptet Village Milking Centre (VMC) i Kina för DeLaval. Ett VMC är ett center med mjölknings maskiner och kyltank dit bönderna tar sina kor två eller tre gånger per dag för att få dem mjölkade. Tidigare fanns Milk Collecting Centres (MCC) dit bönderna kunde leverera mjölken efter att de mjölkat korna hemma. Det första VMC’t startade för ca tio år sedan och det har varit en snabb utveckling för VMC i Kina. Idag finns det mer än 3 000 VMC’n i Kina. De senaste 20 åren har mjölkproduktionen i Kina genomgått stora förändringar. Det har gått från stora statsägda mjölkbesättningar till småskaliga privatägda. År 2000 stod de småskaliga bönderna för nära 77 % av det totala antalet mjölkkor. För utvecklingen på den kinesiska landsbygden har mjölkproduktionen en stor roll bland annat för att det ger många arbetstillfällen. Fler och fler bönder satsar på mjölkkor i Kina. Anledningen till att mjölkproduktionen tagit sådan fart i Kina beror på en medveten politisk satsning bland annat genom att man infört ett ”skolmjölk program” där målet är att flera miljoner barn ska kunna dricka mjölk i skolan. Denna satsning beror på att många barn i Kina lider av näringsbrist och studier har visat att mjölk är en god näringskälla för skolbarnen. Med hjälp av frågeformulär utfördes en intervjustudie. Tillsammans med en tolk och en serviceman från DeLaval besöktes 16 VMC och 16 föreståndare/ägare samt 67 lantbrukare intervjuades. Dessutom besöktes två mejerier och fem DeLaval servicemän intervjuades. Förutom frågeformulären fanns också en ”checklista” över vad som skulle studeras på de olika ställena. Mjölkprov togs på alla besökta VMC för analys av antalet somatiska celler i tankmjölken. För dokumentation togs också foton på alla VMC. VMCna som deltog i studien etablerades mellan 1999 och 2004. Antalet hushåll som hade anslutit sig till ett VMC varierade mellan 20 och 300 med ett medelvärde på 77. Positiva saker som VMC hade fört med sig var att lantbrukarna har fått mindre arbete med produktionen och mer betalt för mjölken. Det är många nya lantbrukare som gett sig in i branschen för att det ger en trygg inkomst samt att det är en investering att ha kor. Positivt för mjölkkvalitén är att mjölken blir kyld direkt. Eftersom VMC och mjölkproduktionen i Kina fortfarande är i sin barndom finns det flera brister som behöver åtgärdas för att säkerställa mjölkkvalitén om mjölkkonsumtionen ska fortsätta att öka samt för att ge en säker produkt. Det fanns brister i hygien och service på de besökta ställena. Det genomsnittliga celltalet för tankmjölken var 1 455 000/ml vilket tyder på att juverhälsan var väldigt dålig hos de flesta kor. Det finns stora brister i kunskapen hos alla de parter som hanterar mjölken vilket betyder att utbildningsbehovet är stort. Det var få av föreståndarna/ägarna till VMC’na som hade haft hand om kor själva och de såg det hela som en affärsrörelse där man gjorde allt för att minska på utgifterna såsom att låta bli att köpa diskmedel, reservdelar osv. Problemen med mjölkkvalitén skulle till stor del minskas om ett betalningssystem där man tjänade på att producera mjölk av god kvalité infördes. När studien gjordes fick de allra flesta bönder och föreståndare/ägare betalt efter mängden mjölk som producerades. 2006-08-14 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11915/1/framling_m_171116.pdf Främling, Maja-Lena, 2006. A study of Village Milking Centre in China. UNSPECIFIED, Uppsala. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-650.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-8867 eng |
| spellingShingle | Animal feeding Främling, Maja-Lena A study of Village Milking Centre in China |
| title | A study of Village Milking Centre in China |
| title_full | A study of Village Milking Centre in China |
| title_fullStr | A study of Village Milking Centre in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of Village Milking Centre in China |
| title_short | A study of Village Milking Centre in China |
| title_sort | study of village milking centre in china |
| topic | Animal feeding |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11915/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11915/ |