Fullfoder för får
During recent years the use of TMR (total mixed rations) has increased in Swedish lamb production. For many years TMR has been used for cattle and hence the information and knowledge is vast, while the knowledge concerning sheep and TMR is more limited. The aim of this thesis is to present an overvi...
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| Format: | Otro |
| Language: | Swedish Swedish |
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2007
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| Online Access: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11726/ |
| _version_ | 1855571926837100544 |
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| author | Johansson, Björn |
| author_browse | Johansson, Björn |
| author_facet | Johansson, Björn |
| author_sort | Johansson, Björn |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | During recent years the use of TMR (total mixed rations) has increased in Swedish lamb production. For many years TMR has been used for cattle and hence the information and knowledge is vast, while the knowledge concerning sheep and TMR is more limited. The aim of this thesis is to present an overview of the scientific knowledge on the subject, and also to compile practical experience from sheep farmers using TMR. The thesis begins with a literature review where different aspects relevant to the usage of TMR are dealt with. It is concluded that there are differences between sheep and cattle that must be taken into account. While using TMR it is possible to extend the interval between feedings compared to conventional feeding regimes, and thus save labour. In the reviewed literature no evidence for detrimental effects on the animals' feed consumption due to prolonged feeding intervals has been found. However, one problem associated with long feeding intervals is the durability of the feed. How the feed's durability differs between TMR and silages was investigated in a small comparative study conducted by the author. Studies reporting that both the feed efficiency and the voluntary feed intake of the animals increase when fed TMR compared to when being conventionally fed are cited. The consumption is also affected by the chopping length, which in turn plays a major role for the animals' possibilities to assort the feed. Different views on the importance of the chop length on the feed's function in the rumen are presented. Different technical solutions are shortly presented along with a review on effects of different ratios between concentrate and forage in the feed.
Practical experiences from sheep farmers using TMR were gathered by a poll answered by twenty-two farmers. From the answers, five farmers were chosen to be interviewed in order to obtain more qualitative answers. An argument given by many farmers to invest in a TMR system is to rationalize the labour. The routines are planned differently on the different farms in the survey but there are also many similarities. For example, it is most common to feed the sheep once daily, but feeding every fifth day is also occurring. Grass silage is most often stored in round bales and the mixer wagons present in the study are almost exclusively towed. In the feedstuff section ideas about designing the rations are given. It is concluded that the TMR concept constitutes an alternative predominantly for larger herds, for which it is possible to financially motivate the investment cost, which is seldom below 100 000 SEK. Since the TMR concept compiles feeding ad lib., the farm buildings can be utilized efficiently. Therefore, the system should be interesting for producers with a large proportion of animals reared indoors, for example those slaughtering in the early summer. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU11726 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU117262017-11-23T09:29:09Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11726/ Fullfoder för får Johansson, Björn Dept. of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Animal feeding During recent years the use of TMR (total mixed rations) has increased in Swedish lamb production. For many years TMR has been used for cattle and hence the information and knowledge is vast, while the knowledge concerning sheep and TMR is more limited. The aim of this thesis is to present an overview of the scientific knowledge on the subject, and also to compile practical experience from sheep farmers using TMR. The thesis begins with a literature review where different aspects relevant to the usage of TMR are dealt with. It is concluded that there are differences between sheep and cattle that must be taken into account. While using TMR it is possible to extend the interval between feedings compared to conventional feeding regimes, and thus save labour. In the reviewed literature no evidence for detrimental effects on the animals' feed consumption due to prolonged feeding intervals has been found. However, one problem associated with long feeding intervals is the durability of the feed. How the feed's durability differs between TMR and silages was investigated in a small comparative study conducted by the author. Studies reporting that both the feed efficiency and the voluntary feed intake of the animals increase when fed TMR compared to when being conventionally fed are cited. The consumption is also affected by the chopping length, which in turn plays a major role for the animals' possibilities to assort the feed. Different views on the importance of the chop length on the feed's function in the rumen are presented. Different technical solutions are shortly presented along with a review on effects of different ratios between concentrate and forage in the feed. Practical experiences from sheep farmers using TMR were gathered by a poll answered by twenty-two farmers. From the answers, five farmers were chosen to be interviewed in order to obtain more qualitative answers. An argument given by many farmers to invest in a TMR system is to rationalize the labour. The routines are planned differently on the different farms in the survey but there are also many similarities. For example, it is most common to feed the sheep once daily, but feeding every fifth day is also occurring. Grass silage is most often stored in round bales and the mixer wagons present in the study are almost exclusively towed. In the feedstuff section ideas about designing the rations are given. It is concluded that the TMR concept constitutes an alternative predominantly for larger herds, for which it is possible to financially motivate the investment cost, which is seldom below 100 000 SEK. Since the TMR concept compiles feeding ad lib., the farm buildings can be utilized efficiently. Therefore, the system should be interesting for producers with a large proportion of animals reared indoors, for example those slaughtering in the early summer. Under de senaste åren har användningen av fullfoder till får ökat i Sverige. Sedan länge finns information att hämta angående fullfoder till kor men till får är utbudet mer begränsat. Den här studien syftar till att ge en översikt över de vetenskapliga studier som finns gjorda på området samt att sammanställa praktiska erfarenheter från lantbrukare som har erfarenhet av fullfoder. Arbetet inleds med en litteraturstudie där olika aspekter relevanta i fullfodersammanhang behandlas. Där konstateras att det finns skillnader mellan kor och får som måste tas i beaktande för att fodret ska fungera optimalt. Med fullfoder är det möjligt att utfodra mer sällan än vid konventionell utfodring, vilket sparar arbete. I den genomgångna litteraturen återfinns inget belägg för att djuren skulle konsumera mindre om de utfodras med längre mellanrum men ett eventuellt problem med att utfodra sällan är att fodret kan hinna bli dåligt. Hur hållbarheten skiljer sig mellan fullfoder och ensilage undersöktes också i ett eget småskaligt försök. Studier som menar att fullfoder ger ett bättre foderutnyttjande och en högre konsumtion refereras. Konsumtionen påverkas även av hackelselängden, som också har en betydande roll för djurens möjligheter att sortera fodret. Vilken betydelse hackelselängden har för fodrets funktion i vommen råder det däremot delade meningar om. En kort genomgång görs av olika tekniska lösningar och betydelsen av dessa, samt vilket förhållande mellan kraftfoder och grovfoder som är lämpligt. Via en enkät som besvarades av tjugotvå lantbrukare samlades praktiska erfarenheter och synpunkter in. Utifrån enkätsvaren valdes fem lantbrukare ut för att intervjuas vilket gav mer uttömmande svar. Att rationalisera arbetet är ett argument som flera ger för att investera i fullfoder. Studiens lantbrukare har utformat sina rutiner olika men många likheter förekommer. Till exempel är det vanligast att utfodra en gång per dag även om utfodring var femte dag förekommer. Vallensilage lagras och hanteras oftast i rundbalar och den i studien dominerande blandarvagnstypen är en bogserad haspelblandare. Under fodermedelsavsnittet ges några idéer om foderstatens utformning. Utifrån studiens resultat konstateras att fullfoder främst är intressant för lite större gårdar som har möjlighet att ekonomiskt motivera en investering som i de flesta fall överstiger 100 000 kronor. Eftersom fullfoder bygger på utfodring i fri tillgång kan gårdens byggnader utnyttjas effektivt och därför bör systemet vara intressant för producenter med mycket stalluppfödda djur, exempelvis de som slaktar lammen på försommaren. 2007-12-10 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11726/1/johansson_b_171123.pdf Johansson, Björn, 2007. Fullfoder för får. UNSPECIFIED, Umeå. Umeå: (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-540.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-9055 swe |
| spellingShingle | Dept. of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Animal feeding Johansson, Björn Fullfoder för får |
| title | Fullfoder för får |
| title_full | Fullfoder för får |
| title_fullStr | Fullfoder för får |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fullfoder för får |
| title_short | Fullfoder för får |
| title_sort | fullfoder för får |
| topic | Dept. of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Animal feeding |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11726/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11726/ |