Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan
Tajikistan is situated in central Asia and is the poorest of 15 former Soviet republics. Sixty percent of the people in the country live below poverty line. Over seventy percent of the households in Tajikistan own cattle, and healthy animals are therefore very important to reduce poverty in the coun...
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| Format: | Otro |
| Language: | Swedish Inglés |
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2009
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| Online Access: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11525/ |
| _version_ | 1855571889235165184 |
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| author | Gralén, Birgitta |
| author_browse | Gralén, Birgitta |
| author_facet | Gralén, Birgitta |
| author_sort | Gralén, Birgitta |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Tajikistan is situated in central Asia and is the poorest of 15 former Soviet republics. Sixty percent of the people in the country live below poverty line. Over seventy percent of the households in Tajikistan own cattle, and healthy animals are therefore very important to reduce poverty in the country.
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) directly and indirectly cause a significant reduction in income and hamper the growth of the whole agricultural sector, which is especially serious in livestock dependent systems. Due to difficulties in estimating income losses caused by TBDs these problems are often neglected. The direct effect of tick infestation is reduction of the value of hides because of tick marks. Indirect effects are diseases transmitted by ticks that cause losses in production of milk and meat, and illness and deaths among affected cattle.
Anaplasmosis, babesiosis and theileriosis are diseases in cattle transmitted by ticks in large parts of the world, including Central Asia. Few studies have been made on the spread of and damage caused by these diseases in the area.
The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina, which cause anaplasmosis and babesiosis, in dairy cattle in western Tajikistan and to study risk factors relevant for controlling these diseases.
Blood samples were collected from 294 cattle at seven governmental units and three private units. The samples were analyzed for presence of antibodies against A. marginale och B. bigemina. Divergence in seroprevalence between groups considering age, breed, governmental/private units, region, number of ticks and pasture/no pasture were also investigated. The overall seroprevalence among the sampled animals was 14% for A. marginale and 18% for B. bigemina. No statistically significant risk factors affecting seroprevalence were identified, but there was a clear numerical difference in seroprevalence between governmental and private units. The seroprevalence was higher among cattle sampled at private units compared to governmental. The cause of this numerical difference is unclear, but could be due to different grazing- and prophylaxis routines at governmental and private units. To appoint the cause of this difference in seroprevalence further studies are needed where possible risk factors are investigated one at a time. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU11525 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU115252017-10-03T10:53:31Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11525/ Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan Gralén, Birgitta Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Tajikistan is situated in central Asia and is the poorest of 15 former Soviet republics. Sixty percent of the people in the country live below poverty line. Over seventy percent of the households in Tajikistan own cattle, and healthy animals are therefore very important to reduce poverty in the country. Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) directly and indirectly cause a significant reduction in income and hamper the growth of the whole agricultural sector, which is especially serious in livestock dependent systems. Due to difficulties in estimating income losses caused by TBDs these problems are often neglected. The direct effect of tick infestation is reduction of the value of hides because of tick marks. Indirect effects are diseases transmitted by ticks that cause losses in production of milk and meat, and illness and deaths among affected cattle. Anaplasmosis, babesiosis and theileriosis are diseases in cattle transmitted by ticks in large parts of the world, including Central Asia. Few studies have been made on the spread of and damage caused by these diseases in the area. The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina, which cause anaplasmosis and babesiosis, in dairy cattle in western Tajikistan and to study risk factors relevant for controlling these diseases. Blood samples were collected from 294 cattle at seven governmental units and three private units. The samples were analyzed for presence of antibodies against A. marginale och B. bigemina. Divergence in seroprevalence between groups considering age, breed, governmental/private units, region, number of ticks and pasture/no pasture were also investigated. The overall seroprevalence among the sampled animals was 14% for A. marginale and 18% for B. bigemina. No statistically significant risk factors affecting seroprevalence were identified, but there was a clear numerical difference in seroprevalence between governmental and private units. The seroprevalence was higher among cattle sampled at private units compared to governmental. The cause of this numerical difference is unclear, but could be due to different grazing- and prophylaxis routines at governmental and private units. To appoint the cause of this difference in seroprevalence further studies are needed where possible risk factors are investigated one at a time. Tajikistan ligger i Centralasien och är den fattigaste av 15 före detta sovjetrepubliker. Cirka 60% av befolkningen lever i fattigdom. Mer än 70% av hushållen äger boskap, och friska djur är därför viktigt för att bekämpa fattigdom i landet. Fästingburna sjukdomar orsakar stora direkta och indirekta inkomstbortfall och är ett stort hinder för tillväxt inom jordbrukssektorn framförallt i områden där man är beroende av boskap. På grund av svårigheter att beräkna exakta inkomstbortfall är detta ofta ett negligerat problem. Direkta effekter av fästingangrepp är nedsatt värde på hudar som fått märken efter fästingbett. Indirekta effekter är sjukdomar som sprids med fästingar och orsakar nedsatt produktion av kött och mjölk, samt sjukdom och död hos djuren som drabbas. Anaplasmos, babesios och theilerios är sjukdomar som sprids med fästingar och förekommer i stora delar av världen, däribland Centralasien. Få studier är gjorda om dessa sjukdomars utbredning och skadeverkan i detta område. Målet med min studie var att undersöka förekomsten av Anaplasma marginale och Babaeisa bigemina, som orsakar anaplasmos och babesios, hos mjölkkor i västra Tajikistan samt att identifiera riskfaktorer relevanta för sjukdomskontroll. Blodprover samlades in från 294 mjölkkor på sju statliga enheter och tre privata. Blodproverna analyserades med avseende på förekomst av antikroppar mot A. marginale och B. bigemina. Jag undersökte också om det förelåg någon skillnad i seroprevalens mellan grupper avseende ålder, ras, statlig/privat enhet, region, antal fästingar på djuren och om de gick på bete eller inte. Den totala seroprevalensen bland de provtagna djuren var för A. marginale 14% och för B. bigemina 18%. Inga faktorer som påverkar förekomsten kunde identifieras med statistisk säkerhet, men mellan statliga och privata enheter observerades en numerär skillnad i seroprevalens. Seroprevalensen för både A. marginale och B. bigemina var högre bland de provtagna djuren på privata enheter jämfört med statliga. Orsaken till denna numerära skillnad är oklar, men skulle kunna bero på att man håller djuren på olika sätt till exempel med avseende på betes- och fästingprofylaxrutiner på statliga enheter jämfört med privata enheter. För att fastställa orsaker till skillnaderna skulle det behövas ytterligare studier i ämnet där man undersöker enskilda yttre faktorer var för sig. 2009-11-05 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11525/1/gralen_b_171003.pdf Gralén, Birgitta, 2009. Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan : anaplasmosis, babesiosis and theileriosis. UNSPECIFIED, Uppsala. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-713.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-7443 eng |
| spellingShingle | Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Gralén, Birgitta Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan |
| title | Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan |
| title_full | Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan |
| title_fullStr | Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan |
| title_short | Tick-borne diseases in Tajikistan |
| title_sort | tick-borne diseases in tajikistan |
| topic | Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11525/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11525/ |