Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring
Herbivore impact on the Swedish forest has under a long time been a common subject of debate. There are many different opinions depending on what direction the forest owner has with his/her forest. Populations of moose and roe deer have increased significantly in Sweden during the last decades. The...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre
2006
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855571852994281472 |
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| author | Turesson, Elias |
| author_browse | Turesson, Elias |
| author_facet | Turesson, Elias |
| author_sort | Turesson, Elias |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Herbivore impact on the Swedish forest has under a long time been a common subject of
debate. There are many different opinions depending on what direction the forest owner has with his/her forest. Populations of moose and roe deer have increased significantly in Sweden during the last decades. The purpose of this study is to get a full picture of the herbivore impact on the regeneration areas. The field work was done once a year for seven years (1999–2005). The experimental area is situated in the V. Torsås parish, County of Kronoberg.
The vegetation was measured in the tree, bush and field layer inside and outside an exclosure. The results in this report are in many ways supporting similar studies. All species in the tree and bush layer, except for Norway spruce (Picea abies, (L. Karst.)) and birch (Betula sp. L.), were exposed to browsing. Over 90 % of the trees were damaged and the difference in height between five and eight times for species as mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.) and willow species
(Salix sp.). For Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) around 70 % of the trees were damaged outside the exclosure and the average height was 100% higher inside it. The average height of the birch was a bit lower outside the exclosure but the large number enabled enough birches to grow well. Spruce had only a small difference in average height but they were more abundant outside the exclosure.
The distinctions in the field layer between the two areas have been relatively small, but there was a few more species inside the exclosure than on the outside.
For some species that are very common in the forest in the south of Sweden, like wavy hair-grass (Dechampsia flexuosa (L. Trin.)), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and some dwarf-shrubs, larger differences could be established.
The coverage of wavy hair-grass was distinct from similar studies by a larger coverage inside the exclosure than the outside. Raspberry did not show any large difference in coverage but the average height was higher inside the exclosure. The coverage of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), cowberry (V. vitis-idaea L.) and heather (Calluna vulgaris (L. Hull)) was reduced the first few years and was then constant during a few years but increased again the last year.
Browsing did not have a very large influence on the forest production in this study, but the vegetation succession was accelerated with a few years.
This can also reduce the biodiversity.
The distribution of tree species will be drawn towards a more spruce-dominated forest. The browsing will vary with the populations of moose and roe deer but are also dependent on environmental factors, e.g. food supply, protective vegetation for the herbivores and predator populations. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU11335 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | SLU/Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre |
| publisherStr | SLU/Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU113352017-10-09T11:04:02Z Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring Herbivore impact on the vegetation development in a forest regeneration area in Southern Sweden Turesson, Elias viltbetestryck vegetationsutveckling Sydsverige skogsföryngring Herbivore impact on the Swedish forest has under a long time been a common subject of debate. There are many different opinions depending on what direction the forest owner has with his/her forest. Populations of moose and roe deer have increased significantly in Sweden during the last decades. The purpose of this study is to get a full picture of the herbivore impact on the regeneration areas. The field work was done once a year for seven years (1999–2005). The experimental area is situated in the V. Torsås parish, County of Kronoberg. The vegetation was measured in the tree, bush and field layer inside and outside an exclosure. The results in this report are in many ways supporting similar studies. All species in the tree and bush layer, except for Norway spruce (Picea abies, (L. Karst.)) and birch (Betula sp. L.), were exposed to browsing. Over 90 % of the trees were damaged and the difference in height between five and eight times for species as mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.) and willow species (Salix sp.). For Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) around 70 % of the trees were damaged outside the exclosure and the average height was 100% higher inside it. The average height of the birch was a bit lower outside the exclosure but the large number enabled enough birches to grow well. Spruce had only a small difference in average height but they were more abundant outside the exclosure. The distinctions in the field layer between the two areas have been relatively small, but there was a few more species inside the exclosure than on the outside. For some species that are very common in the forest in the south of Sweden, like wavy hair-grass (Dechampsia flexuosa (L. Trin.)), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and some dwarf-shrubs, larger differences could be established. The coverage of wavy hair-grass was distinct from similar studies by a larger coverage inside the exclosure than the outside. Raspberry did not show any large difference in coverage but the average height was higher inside the exclosure. The coverage of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), cowberry (V. vitis-idaea L.) and heather (Calluna vulgaris (L. Hull)) was reduced the first few years and was then constant during a few years but increased again the last year. Browsing did not have a very large influence on the forest production in this study, but the vegetation succession was accelerated with a few years. This can also reduce the biodiversity. The distribution of tree species will be drawn towards a more spruce-dominated forest. The browsing will vary with the populations of moose and roe deer but are also dependent on environmental factors, e.g. food supply, protective vegetation for the herbivores and predator populations. Viltets inverkan på den svenska skogen har länge varit ett omdiskuterat ämne, med många olika synpunkter, beroende på vilka intressen och mål man har med skogen. Vi har under de senaste decennierna haft relativt täta viltstammar i landet. Syftet med undersökningen är få en bild av viltbetestrycket och hur det påverkar ungskogen. Fältarbetet är utfört varje år under en 7-årsperiod (1999-2005) på en försökslokal i V. Torsås socken, Kronobergs län. Datainsamlingen är gjord både utifrån träd-, busk-, och fältskiktet, på en hägnad respektive en ohägnad yta. Resultaten från denna undersökning stärker på många sätt tidigare studier i detta ämne. De flesta arter i träd- och buskskiktet, förutom gran och på just denna lokal även björken, är utsatta för tillväxtreducerande bete. På arter som rönn, brakved och videarter är över 90 % av plantorna skadade och med skillnader i medelhöjd på fem till nästan åtta gånger mellan den hägnade respektive den ohägnade ytan. När det gäller tallen är ca 70 % av plantorna skadade utanför hägnet och medelhöjden är dubbelt så hög i hägnet. Björken är delvis betad och medelhöjden är lägre utanför hägnet, men det stora antalet plantor gör att ett tillräckligt antal plantor klarar sig. Granens höjd skiljde sig inte nämnvärt mellan de båda ytorna, däremot var plantantalet större utanför hägnet. Skillnaderna i fältskiktet mellan ytorna har varit relativt små, men det är något artrikare i hägnet. För några arter har dock större avvikelser kunnat påvisas och det är också några av de mest typiska arterna för sydsvenska ungskogar; kruståtel, hallon, ljung och bärris, men resultatet för kruståteln är det som skiljer sig mest i jämförelse med andra undersökningar, då denna undersökning har större täckningsgrad av kruståtel inne i hägnet. Hallon är också en utsatt art. Täckningsgraden har inte varit någon större skillnad på, men medelhöjden var betydligt högre i hägnet än utanför. Täckningsgraden av blåbär, lingon och ljung minskade under de första åren och låg sedan på en jämn nivå för att under sista året åter öka. Resultatet visar att betningen inte har någon större betydelse för skogsproduktionen men att successionen kan påskyndas med några år. Det kan också resultera i att den biologiska mångfalden minskar. Trädslagsfördelningen dras mer mot grandominerade bestånd. Betets utfall varierar givetvis beroende på viltstammarnas täthet men också på hur den omkringliggande marken och landskapsbilden ser ut i fråga om viltfodertillgång, skydd, rovdjurspopulation m.m. SLU/Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre 2006 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11335/ |
| spellingShingle | viltbetestryck vegetationsutveckling Sydsverige skogsföryngring Turesson, Elias Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| title | Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| title_full | Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| title_fullStr | Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| title_short | Viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| title_sort | viltets inverkan på vegetationsutvecklingen i en sydsvensk skogsföryngring |
| topic | viltbetestryck vegetationsutveckling Sydsverige skogsföryngring |