Majstorkning
The corn plant came to Europe with Christopher Columbus in the 14th century and have ever since bin cropped here, but corn haven't bin very common in Scandinavia until recently. The mainly use for this crop silage but even corn for grain is cropped in Europe. Corn for grain is a common part of fe...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
SLU/Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management (from 130101)
2006
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855571845606014976 |
|---|---|
| author | Åkesson, Erik |
| author_browse | Åkesson, Erik |
| author_facet | Åkesson, Erik |
| author_sort | Åkesson, Erik |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | The corn plant came to Europe with Christopher Columbus in the 14th century and have
ever since bin cropped here, but corn haven't bin very common in Scandinavia until
recently. The mainly use for this crop silage but even corn for grain is cropped in
Europe. Corn for grain is a common part of feed in beef and chicken farming. In Sweden
corn for grain is pretty rare but almost 1000 hectares are used for this crop, Lantmännen
Sverige is the biggest buyer of corn at the moment. The summer in Sweden is short and
whet, therefore corn is harvested with a high moister content. It is hard to harvest corn
under 40 % moisture content a whet year with a cold summer but a good year when the
summer is warm and the autumn dry you can harvest corn with less than 30 % moisture.
My goal with this examination work is to give Swedish farmers a good idea of how to
dry corn and what it costs to do it. Now days when the price of energy are very high, the
drying costs are rising and getting the biggest issue of the economy in cropping corn for
grain therefore I find it important to find new ways to dry corn as cheep as possible. To
find out how much fuel it takes to dry corn I did a trial in the harvest 2006 on the dryer on my parent's farm. I also did a couple of interviews, studied trials and looked at advising for corn growers in the USA.
Because of the high levels of moister content you get in corn when it gets to harvest, its best to dry it in to stages. Under Swedish circumstances it is hard to move water from the centre of the big corn kernels, thru the hard starch layer in the surface and out in the air. It is important to no harvest more corn than you have capacity to dry, whet corn rapidly gets warm and starts to rotten if you not start to dry it immediately. On an average year in Swedish conditions you need about 45 litres of diesel fuel to make a ton of dry corn.
The conclusion of my examination work is as following: Corn should be dried with high
temperatures on the drying air to make it an efficient drying process. You should also
use a transportation equipment in your system that are treating the grain carefully, the
corn kernels are very easy damage. Problems that you can find when it gets to corn
drying is hot spots in stacks off whet corn not being dried. The best way to avoid this
problem is to not harvest more con per day than your dryer have capacity to take care of.
Under Swedish circumstances it is necessary to dry corn to times to get all the water you
need out of the corn kernel. Finally, the costs for the energy it requires to dry corn an
average year is about 250 Swedish crowns per metric ton of dried corn. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU11296 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management (from 130101) |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management (from 130101) |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU112962017-10-10T12:45:18Z Majstorkning Corn drying Åkesson, Erik majs torkning kostnader The corn plant came to Europe with Christopher Columbus in the 14th century and have ever since bin cropped here, but corn haven't bin very common in Scandinavia until recently. The mainly use for this crop silage but even corn for grain is cropped in Europe. Corn for grain is a common part of feed in beef and chicken farming. In Sweden corn for grain is pretty rare but almost 1000 hectares are used for this crop, Lantmännen Sverige is the biggest buyer of corn at the moment. The summer in Sweden is short and whet, therefore corn is harvested with a high moister content. It is hard to harvest corn under 40 % moisture content a whet year with a cold summer but a good year when the summer is warm and the autumn dry you can harvest corn with less than 30 % moisture. My goal with this examination work is to give Swedish farmers a good idea of how to dry corn and what it costs to do it. Now days when the price of energy are very high, the drying costs are rising and getting the biggest issue of the economy in cropping corn for grain therefore I find it important to find new ways to dry corn as cheep as possible. To find out how much fuel it takes to dry corn I did a trial in the harvest 2006 on the dryer on my parent's farm. I also did a couple of interviews, studied trials and looked at advising for corn growers in the USA. Because of the high levels of moister content you get in corn when it gets to harvest, its best to dry it in to stages. Under Swedish circumstances it is hard to move water from the centre of the big corn kernels, thru the hard starch layer in the surface and out in the air. It is important to no harvest more corn than you have capacity to dry, whet corn rapidly gets warm and starts to rotten if you not start to dry it immediately. On an average year in Swedish conditions you need about 45 litres of diesel fuel to make a ton of dry corn. The conclusion of my examination work is as following: Corn should be dried with high temperatures on the drying air to make it an efficient drying process. You should also use a transportation equipment in your system that are treating the grain carefully, the corn kernels are very easy damage. Problems that you can find when it gets to corn drying is hot spots in stacks off whet corn not being dried. The best way to avoid this problem is to not harvest more con per day than your dryer have capacity to take care of. Under Swedish circumstances it is necessary to dry corn to times to get all the water you need out of the corn kernel. Finally, the costs for the energy it requires to dry corn an average year is about 250 Swedish crowns per metric ton of dried corn. Majsen kom till Europa med Christoffer Columbus och har sedan dess odlats här men i Norden har man först på senare år fattat intresse för majsen i större omfattning. Grödans stora användningsområden är framför allt ensilage men kärnmajs det vill säga majs som tröskas till mogen skörd har också en betydande plats i Europa. Användningsområdena för kärnmajs är framför allt foder åt nöt och kycklingbranschen. I Sverige är odling av tröskmajs liten, mindre än tusen hektar med framför allt Lantmännen som uppköpare. På svenska breddgrader går det inte att undvika höga vattenhalter vid skörd, ibland upp åt 40 % vattenhalt vid skörd. Gynnsamma år går det att skörda med vattenhalter runt 30 %. Jag vill med mitt examensarbete framförallt ge svenska odlare en inblick i vilka torkningsmetoder som är lämpliga i Sverige samt de ekonomiska aspekterna på torkningsprocessen. Med de höga energipriserna vi nu har i världen så blir torkningskostnaden den största utgiften i odlingskalkylen och är därför vikig att hålla så låg som möjligt. För att ta reda på bränsleförbrukning på torkning av majs gjorde jag ett eget försök vid skörden hösten 2006 på torken hemma på gården där jag bor. I mitt arbete har jag även gjort några intervjuer och det finns både likheter och skillnader på hur man går till väga vid torkningen. Jag har även studerat försöksresultat och rådgivningsinformation från USA. Eftersom majs tröskas med höga vattenhalter är man tvungen att torka den i två omgångar, det är under svenska omständigheter svårt att få vattnet i de stora majskärnorna att vandra från mitten av kärnan och ut genom den hårda stärkelsen i ytan på kärnorna. Man bör även tänka sig för så att man inte tröskar mer majs för dagen än man hinner med att torka. Våt vara blir fort varm och börjar rutna om man inte börjar torka den omedelbart efter tröskningen. Man kan i snitt räkna med 45 liter eldningsolja förbrukad per ton färdigtorkad majs. Slutsatsen av mitt arbete är följande: Man bör torka majs med höga torkluftstemperaturer för att vara energieffektiv. Man bör även ha skonsamma transportsystem i sin anläggning för att undvika att de sköra majskärnorna krossas. Problem kan uppstå med varmgång i våta partier av majs så man bör ej skörda mer majs per dag än vad man hinner torka. För att få ut allt vatten ur kärnorna behöver man torka majsen i två omgångar. Slutligen kan man under ett normalår räkna med en torkningskostnad (endast energi) på cirka 250 kr per färdigtorkat ton. SLU/Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management (from 130101) 2006 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11296/ |
| spellingShingle | majs torkning kostnader Åkesson, Erik Majstorkning |
| title | Majstorkning |
| title_full | Majstorkning |
| title_fullStr | Majstorkning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Majstorkning |
| title_short | Majstorkning |
| title_sort | majstorkning |
| topic | majs torkning kostnader |