Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement?
Clearcutting systems have been the dominating silvicultural approach during the last decades in the Nordic countries. While economically rational, it is also leading to a trivialisation of the flora and fauna, and may result in negative reactions of people in urban settings. As a consequence of this...
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| Formato: | L3 |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
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SLU/Dept. of Forest Products
2006
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| Materias: |
| _version_ | 1855571836634398720 |
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| author | Andersson, Emil |
| author_browse | Andersson, Emil |
| author_facet | Andersson, Emil |
| author_sort | Andersson, Emil |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Clearcutting systems have been the dominating silvicultural approach during the last decades in the Nordic countries. While economically rational, it is also leading to a trivialisation of the flora and fauna, and may result in negative reactions of people in urban settings. As a consequence of this, and a more diversified view on which goods and services forests should deliver, there is an increasing interest in broadening the range of silvicultural methods that are used.
The term continuous cover forestry (CCF) represents a suite of methods that have gained increasing interest in the Nordic countries. In CCF a considerable amount of the trees are left after harvest to favour values that require a continuity of tree-covered areas. There are thus hopes that this method will meet the needs for maintaining biodiversity and satisfy social and cultural values. In this paper I review literature regarding CCF in the Nordic Countries and discuss the consequences of CCF methods on ecological, economic, social and cultural values.
To evaluate the effect for the maintenance of ecological integrity using biodiversity as a proxy I focus on the extent to which CCF could mimic the natural disturbance regimes to which specialised organisms are adapted. To learn about CCF's effect on economy, literature has been reviewed. In particular one of latest economic analysis regarding a new CCF management concept called "Naturkultur" was reviewed. This method suggests that this type of forest management is economically superior to the traditional forest management regimes. However, other analyses claim the opposite. The CCF's possibility to benefit cultural values is evaluated in terms of its usefulness in cultural landscapes by preserving certain structures and the species richness that comes with these landscapes. Could forests managed by CCF improve the social dimension of forests? Potentially CCF could be a tool to engineer forests for social activities. Some possibilities related to esthetical values, recreation and tourism are examined.
To conclude, CCF can complement conventional forest methods in the Nordic counties by favouring ecological, cultural and social factors. This is especially interesting since ecology, and socio-cultural factors are of equal or almost equal importance as economy in the Nordic forest policies. To favour ecological values CCF does not need to totally replace clear-cuts. Instead it could be used at certain places as an alternative to clearcuts and as a complement to protected areas. If properly applied, CCF could work as a smooth transition between forests of high conservation value and the surrounding forests managed with conventional methods. However, there are differences in the potential for the different Nordic counties to manage their forests with CCF. To better understand the long term economical consequences of CCF more research is needed on this topic. Examples on research that is lacking in this area is:
• Can CCF provide saw timber of higher quality than conventional forest methods?
• Would the tourism industry benefit from CCF?
• Could CCF in forests close to urban areas lead to an increment of recreational and exercise related visitors and thereby contribute lowered costs of the medical care?
Finally, there is a need to find out whether these and other possible sources of income can coexist in a landscape so that a forested area in the future can get its income from other sectors than just the timber industry. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU11253 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Forest Products |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Forest Products |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU112532017-10-12T08:40:52Z Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? Alternative forest management regimes in Scandinavia : a well needed complement? Andersson, Emil kontinuitetsskogsbruk mångbruk alternativa skogsbruksmetoder skogsbruk Norden Clearcutting systems have been the dominating silvicultural approach during the last decades in the Nordic countries. While economically rational, it is also leading to a trivialisation of the flora and fauna, and may result in negative reactions of people in urban settings. As a consequence of this, and a more diversified view on which goods and services forests should deliver, there is an increasing interest in broadening the range of silvicultural methods that are used. The term continuous cover forestry (CCF) represents a suite of methods that have gained increasing interest in the Nordic countries. In CCF a considerable amount of the trees are left after harvest to favour values that require a continuity of tree-covered areas. There are thus hopes that this method will meet the needs for maintaining biodiversity and satisfy social and cultural values. In this paper I review literature regarding CCF in the Nordic Countries and discuss the consequences of CCF methods on ecological, economic, social and cultural values. To evaluate the effect for the maintenance of ecological integrity using biodiversity as a proxy I focus on the extent to which CCF could mimic the natural disturbance regimes to which specialised organisms are adapted. To learn about CCF's effect on economy, literature has been reviewed. In particular one of latest economic analysis regarding a new CCF management concept called "Naturkultur" was reviewed. This method suggests that this type of forest management is economically superior to the traditional forest management regimes. However, other analyses claim the opposite. The CCF's possibility to benefit cultural values is evaluated in terms of its usefulness in cultural landscapes by preserving certain structures and the species richness that comes with these landscapes. Could forests managed by CCF improve the social dimension of forests? Potentially CCF could be a tool to engineer forests for social activities. Some possibilities related to esthetical values, recreation and tourism are examined. To conclude, CCF can complement conventional forest methods in the Nordic counties by favouring ecological, cultural and social factors. This is especially interesting since ecology, and socio-cultural factors are of equal or almost equal importance as economy in the Nordic forest policies. To favour ecological values CCF does not need to totally replace clear-cuts. Instead it could be used at certain places as an alternative to clearcuts and as a complement to protected areas. If properly applied, CCF could work as a smooth transition between forests of high conservation value and the surrounding forests managed with conventional methods. However, there are differences in the potential for the different Nordic counties to manage their forests with CCF. To better understand the long term economical consequences of CCF more research is needed on this topic. Examples on research that is lacking in this area is: • Can CCF provide saw timber of higher quality than conventional forest methods? • Would the tourism industry benefit from CCF? • Could CCF in forests close to urban areas lead to an increment of recreational and exercise related visitors and thereby contribute lowered costs of the medical care? Finally, there is a need to find out whether these and other possible sources of income can coexist in a landscape so that a forested area in the future can get its income from other sectors than just the timber industry. Skogsbruket i Norden har under de senaste årtiondena nästan uteslutande bedrivits med trakthyggesbruk. Tillsammans med en lång skogsbrukshistoria har detta lett till en trivialisering av floran och faunan, samt i många fall skapat mindre trivsamma tätortsnära skogar. Bland annat därför har allt fler röster börjat höjas för en användning av alternativa skogsbruksmetoder som karaktäriseras av ekologisk och sociokulturell hållbarhet. En sådan alternativ uppsättning av metoder som föreslagits är kontinuitetsskogsbruk. Metoden innebär att en stor del av träden sparas vid avverkning bl.a. för att gynna arter som kräver en kontinuitet av trädbeklädda områden, men också för att minska vissa avverkningsmetoders negativa påverkan av landskapsbilden. Då den nordiska skogspolitiken på senare år har inriktat sig på att skogarna ska präglas av mångbruk finns också förhoppningar om att denna metod ska kunna gynna andra skogliga värden som rekreationsvärden, sociala och kulturella värden. I detta arbete granskas litteratur rörande kontinuitetsskogsbruk i Norden och vad detta skogsbruk har för konsekvenser på ekologi, ekonomi, sociala och kulturella faktorer i de nordiska länderna. Metodens påverkan på ekologisk hållbarhet studeras bl.a. genom att titta på om kontinuitetsskogsbruk kan användas för att bättre efterlikna de naturliga störningsregimer som många organismer är anpassade till. För att studera kontinuitetsskogsbrukets ekonomiska möjligheter har litteratur studerats. Speciellt har en av de senaste ekonomiska analyserna av ett nytt skogsbrukskoncept kallat ”Naturkultur” granskats. Denna metod pekar på att kontinuitetsskogsbruk t.o.m. skulle vara mer lönsamt än trakthyggesbruk. Andra analyser pekar dock på det motsatta. Svårigheterna med att bedöma det ekonomiska värdet av biodiversitet, bevarande av kulturella och sociala värden behandlas. Kontinuitetsskogsbrukets möjlighet som kulturfrämjare studeras genom dess tänkbara användningsområde i kulturlandskap för att bevara speciella strukturer och den biologiska mångfald som finns i dessa landskap. Hur olika sociala faktorer påverkas av kontinuitetsskogsbruk behandlas också. Metodens möjligheter att användas i stadsnära skogar för att främja bl.a. estetiska värden samt kontinuitetsskogsbrukets möjligheter i glesbygdsområden i samband med rekreation och turistnäring diskuteras. Mycket tyder på att kontinuitetsskogsbruk är ett bra komplement till trakthyggesbruk för att gynna ekologiska, kulturella och sociala faktorer. Detta faktum är särskilt intressant eftersom ekologiska, och sociokulturella faktorer numer är lika viktiga eller nästan lika viktiga som ekonomin inom den nordiska skogspolitiken. För att gynna vissa ekologiska värden behöver kontinuitetsskogsbruk inte helt ersätta trakthyggesbruk utan endast vara ett komplement till skyddade områden och användas på vissa lämpliga ställen istället för kalhyggesbruk. Detta för att bilda en gradient mellan skyddade områden och platser avverkade med kalhyggesbruk. Förutsättningarna för de olika nordiska skogsländerna att bedriva kontinuitetsskogsbruk varierar dock. För att bättre få en överblick av de långsiktiga ekonomiska konsekvenserna av kontinuitetsskogsbruk måste dock mer forskning göras. Exempel på forskning som saknas inom detta område är: • Ger kontinuitetsskogsbruk en bättre virkeskvalité än trakthyggesbruk? • Skulle turismnäringen gynnas av kontinuitetsskogsbruk? • Kan stadsnära kontinuitetsskogsbruk skulle leda till att fler människor besöker skogen i rekreations- och motionssyfte och därmed i förlängningen bidra till minskade sjukvårdskostnader? • Dessutom behövs forskning om hur dessa och andra möjliga inkomstkällor kan samexistera i landskapet så att ett skogsområde i framtiden kan få sina inkomster från fler håll än bara den virkesbaserade industrin. SLU/Dept. of Forest Products 2006 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11253/ |
| spellingShingle | kontinuitetsskogsbruk mångbruk alternativa skogsbruksmetoder skogsbruk Norden Andersson, Emil Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| title | Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| title_full | Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| title_fullStr | Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| title_short | Alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i Norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| title_sort | alternativa skogsbruksmetoder i norden : ett välbehövligt komplement? |
| topic | kontinuitetsskogsbruk mångbruk alternativa skogsbruksmetoder skogsbruk Norden |