Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund
Chiari type I malformation is a condition in humans characterized by a small posterior cranial fossa, downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils, foramen magnum overcrowding and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Syringohydromyelia is often seen in patients with Chiari type I malfor...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | L3 |
| Language: | Swedish Inglés |
| Published: |
SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231)
2006
|
| Subjects: |
| _version_ | 1855571826621546496 |
|---|---|
| author | Spångberg, Camilla |
| author_browse | Spångberg, Camilla |
| author_facet | Spångberg, Camilla |
| author_sort | Spångberg, Camilla |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Chiari type I malformation is a condition in humans characterized by a small
posterior cranial fossa, downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils, foramen
magnum overcrowding and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
Syringohydromyelia is often seen in patients with Chiari type I malformation.
Syringohydromyelia is characterized by fluid-filled cavities in the spinal cord.
This causes damage to the nervous tissue in the spinal cord. In recent years, a
condition similar to Chiari type I malformation has been recognized in dogs. It has
mostly been seen in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). The condition seen
in dogs is usually called occipital bone hypoplasia.
The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a difference in the shape of
the caudal fossa between CKCS, small bred dogs with a similar head shape and
dogs with a normal head shape and if occipital bone hypoplasia is related to a
head shape with a steep back of the head. Other aims of the study were to examine
the crowding of nervous tissue in the foramen magnum in each breed group, the
extent of syringohydromyelia and to what extent the malformation had caused
neurological signs.
Sculls from dogs on autopsy were divided in halves and the position of the
cerebellum compared to the level of the foramen magnum was studied. The
degree of crowding of nervous tissue in the foramen magnum was determined.
Based on this the shape of the caudal fossa was classified as normal, possible
occipital bone hypoplasia or occipital bone hypoplasia. The cervical spinal cord
was extracted and examined for syringohydromyelia. To determine whether the
malformation had caused any neurological signs, the medical records of the
patients with occipital bone hypoplasia or possible occipital bone hypoplasia were
studied. In cases where the medical records not include such information, the
owners of the dogs were contacted and asked if they had noted any neurological
signs in their dog.
This study showed that there is a difference in the shape of the caudal fossa
between dogs with a normal head shape and small bred dogs with a steep back of
the head. This indicates that occipital bone hypoplasia is related to a head shape
where the back of the head is steep and that the malformation is common in these
breeds. The study also showed that occipital bone hypoplasia not inevitably
causes syringohydromyelia. Only one of the dogs with occipital bone hypoplasia
or possible bone hypoplasia had had neurological signs that with certainty were
related to the malformation. This result gives further support to previous studies
that have stated that occipital bone hypoplasia occurs asymptomatic. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU11196 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU111962017-09-26T08:42:12Z Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund Spångberg, Camilla occipital hypoplasi syringohydromyeli neurologi Chiari-missbildning Chiari type I malformation is a condition in humans characterized by a small posterior cranial fossa, downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils, foramen magnum overcrowding and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Syringohydromyelia is often seen in patients with Chiari type I malformation. Syringohydromyelia is characterized by fluid-filled cavities in the spinal cord. This causes damage to the nervous tissue in the spinal cord. In recent years, a condition similar to Chiari type I malformation has been recognized in dogs. It has mostly been seen in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). The condition seen in dogs is usually called occipital bone hypoplasia. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a difference in the shape of the caudal fossa between CKCS, small bred dogs with a similar head shape and dogs with a normal head shape and if occipital bone hypoplasia is related to a head shape with a steep back of the head. Other aims of the study were to examine the crowding of nervous tissue in the foramen magnum in each breed group, the extent of syringohydromyelia and to what extent the malformation had caused neurological signs. Sculls from dogs on autopsy were divided in halves and the position of the cerebellum compared to the level of the foramen magnum was studied. The degree of crowding of nervous tissue in the foramen magnum was determined. Based on this the shape of the caudal fossa was classified as normal, possible occipital bone hypoplasia or occipital bone hypoplasia. The cervical spinal cord was extracted and examined for syringohydromyelia. To determine whether the malformation had caused any neurological signs, the medical records of the patients with occipital bone hypoplasia or possible occipital bone hypoplasia were studied. In cases where the medical records not include such information, the owners of the dogs were contacted and asked if they had noted any neurological signs in their dog. This study showed that there is a difference in the shape of the caudal fossa between dogs with a normal head shape and small bred dogs with a steep back of the head. This indicates that occipital bone hypoplasia is related to a head shape where the back of the head is steep and that the malformation is common in these breeds. The study also showed that occipital bone hypoplasia not inevitably causes syringohydromyelia. Only one of the dogs with occipital bone hypoplasia or possible bone hypoplasia had had neurological signs that with certainty were related to the malformation. This result gives further support to previous studies that have stated that occipital bone hypoplasia occurs asymptomatic. Chiari-missbildning typ I är en missbildning hos människa som karaktäriseras av en för liten bakre skallgrop, herniering av cerebellumtonsillerna, överfyllnad av nervvävnad i foramen magnum och en störning i flödet av cerebrospinalvätskan. En vanlig följd av Chiari-missbildning är att syringohydromyeli utvecklas. Detta innebär en vidgning av centralkanalen som trycker på och destruerar nervvävnaden i ryggmärgen. En missbildning liknande Chiari-missbildning typ I har på senare tid uppmärksammats hos hund och då framför allt hos hundar av rasen cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS). Hos hund kallas missbildningen oftast occipital hypoplasi. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns en skillnad i bakre skallgropens form mellan CKCS, andra små hundar med ett kupolformat huvud och hundar med en normal proportionerlig huvudform samt att se om occipital hypoplasi verkar vara kopplat till ett kupolformat huvud. Studien undersökte också hur trångt det var i foramen magnum i de olika rasgrupperna, förekomsten av eventuell syringohydromyeli samt i vilken utsträckning missbildningen gav symtom. Skallar kluvna i mittplanet på rutinmässigt obducerade hundar studerades avseende lillhjärnans placering i förhållande till foramen magnum, graden av eventuell cerebellumherniering samt hur trångt det var i foramen magnum. Genom en sammatagen bedömning av dessa faktorer klassades bakre skallgropens form som normal, på gränsen till occipital hypoplasi eller som occipital hypoplasi. Halsryggmärgen plockades ut, fixerades i formalin och bedömdes sedan makroskopiskt avseende eventuell förekomst av syringohydromyeli. För att undersöka huruvida hundarna med occipital hypoplasi eller en skallform på gränsen till occipital hypoplasi hade haft neurologiska symtom studerades dessa hundars journaler. Gick det inte att utläsa ur journalen om hunden hade haft neurologiska symtom eller ej ringdes djurägarna upp och tillfrågades om hunden hade haft några neurologiska symtom. Studien visade att det är en skillnad i skallformen mellan hundar med en normal proportionerlig huvudform och små hundar med ett kupolformat huvud, inkluderat CKCS. Resultaten tyder också på att occipital hypoplasi är kopplat till ett kupolformat huvud och att missbildningen är spridd inom småhundsraser med en sådan huvudform. Studien visade också att missbildningen inte nödvändigtvis behöver leda till syringohydromyeli. Bara en hund i studien hade neurologiska symtom som med säkerhet kan kopplas till missbildningen, vilket stödjer uppfattningen att occipital hypoplasi kan förekomma utan att ge symtom. SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) 2006 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11196/ |
| spellingShingle | occipital hypoplasi syringohydromyeli neurologi Chiari-missbildning Spångberg, Camilla Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| title | Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| title_full | Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| title_fullStr | Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| title_short | Bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| title_sort | bakre skallgropens form hos hund : en studie av occipital hypoplasi hos hund |
| topic | occipital hypoplasi syringohydromyeli neurologi Chiari-missbildning |