Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar
The forest in the county of Småland has been utilised for a long time. One of the most important forms of utilisation of wood has been charcoaling for the benefit of the iron industry. Shortage of forest in relation to the iron industry, was discussed already in the 17th century in Sweden. The aim...
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| Format: | Otro |
| Language: | Swedish Swedish |
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2005
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| Online Access: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11018/ |
| _version_ | 1855571793843060736 |
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| author | Hedström, Ida |
| author_browse | Hedström, Ida |
| author_facet | Hedström, Ida |
| author_sort | Hedström, Ida |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | The forest in the county of Småland has been utilised for a long time. One of the most
important forms of utilisation of wood has been charcoaling for the benefit of the iron
industry. Shortage of forest in relation to the iron industry, was discussed already in the 17th century in Sweden. The aim of this study was to analyse the purchase and consumption of charcoal at Storebro Bruk, an ironwork in Småland, during the period 1793-1850, as well as analyse the shortage of forest at the time. To determine the utilisation of the forest in the area, I have used historical sources from Storebro Bruksarkiv. To describe the history and the development of the ironworks, I used general documents, which includes licences, certificates of registrations, contracts of sale and other documents describing the activities in the ironworks. To determine the extent and the source of the charcoal deliveries, I used the financial books from 1793-1850. In the study, I made a selection of 16 villages to analyse how the charcoal deliveries varied between the villages, also how these deliveries changed over time. From 1793 to 1850 the farmers around the ironworks, in average, delivered 94 100 hectolitres of charcoal per year to the ironworks, which corresponds to an annual felling of 11 292 m3. A forest estimate, made by forest officer Sjögren from the forest district of Tjust, showed the condition of the forest after the studied time period, in 1874. The average wood resource in the villages and farms, that were included in the forest estimate, was about 50 m3 wood/ha. The proportions between timber (timber trees and expected timber trees) and charcoal- and fire wood were 36/64. Consequently, the largest part of the total volume of wood was in forests of age under 50 years. By combining the different parts of my study, I venture to say that Storebro Bruk, with its need of primary products, have a strong influence in the surrounding environment. During the studied period a "charcoal wood-frontier" gradually moved from the vicinity of the ironwork to its periphery. This process made distinct gradients in the forest landscape. I consider the villages near the ironworks, which principally were owned by the ironworks, were having a local shortage of forest, mainly charcoal wood, from around 1830. The forest estimate from 1874, after the studied period, showed that the charcoal wood was the dominating and the share of timber was lesser. Consequently, the shortage of charcoal wood around 1830 became a shortage of timber wood around 1870. Historical sources, in the way I used them, gives a detailed account of how people have utilised the forest under a certain time, but also how the forest was influenced by the utilisation of the human. As a result of this, we can improve our decisions; how to manage the forest to preserve biological, cultural and social values. |
| format | Otro |
| id | RepoSLU11018 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish swe |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU110182017-09-18T11:57:27Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11018/ Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar Hedström, Ida Forestry - General aspects The forest in the county of Småland has been utilised for a long time. One of the most important forms of utilisation of wood has been charcoaling for the benefit of the iron industry. Shortage of forest in relation to the iron industry, was discussed already in the 17th century in Sweden. The aim of this study was to analyse the purchase and consumption of charcoal at Storebro Bruk, an ironwork in Småland, during the period 1793-1850, as well as analyse the shortage of forest at the time. To determine the utilisation of the forest in the area, I have used historical sources from Storebro Bruksarkiv. To describe the history and the development of the ironworks, I used general documents, which includes licences, certificates of registrations, contracts of sale and other documents describing the activities in the ironworks. To determine the extent and the source of the charcoal deliveries, I used the financial books from 1793-1850. In the study, I made a selection of 16 villages to analyse how the charcoal deliveries varied between the villages, also how these deliveries changed over time. From 1793 to 1850 the farmers around the ironworks, in average, delivered 94 100 hectolitres of charcoal per year to the ironworks, which corresponds to an annual felling of 11 292 m3. A forest estimate, made by forest officer Sjögren from the forest district of Tjust, showed the condition of the forest after the studied time period, in 1874. The average wood resource in the villages and farms, that were included in the forest estimate, was about 50 m3 wood/ha. The proportions between timber (timber trees and expected timber trees) and charcoal- and fire wood were 36/64. Consequently, the largest part of the total volume of wood was in forests of age under 50 years. By combining the different parts of my study, I venture to say that Storebro Bruk, with its need of primary products, have a strong influence in the surrounding environment. During the studied period a "charcoal wood-frontier" gradually moved from the vicinity of the ironwork to its periphery. This process made distinct gradients in the forest landscape. I consider the villages near the ironworks, which principally were owned by the ironworks, were having a local shortage of forest, mainly charcoal wood, from around 1830. The forest estimate from 1874, after the studied period, showed that the charcoal wood was the dominating and the share of timber was lesser. Consequently, the shortage of charcoal wood around 1830 became a shortage of timber wood around 1870. Historical sources, in the way I used them, gives a detailed account of how people have utilised the forest under a certain time, but also how the forest was influenced by the utilisation of the human. As a result of this, we can improve our decisions; how to manage the forest to preserve biological, cultural and social values. Smålands skogsmarker har utnyttjats under mycket lång tid. En av de viktigaste formerna för skogsutnyttjande har varit kolning för järntillverkning. Skogsbrist i bruksområden började diskuteras redan under 1600-talet. Det övergripande syftet med examensarbetet är att analysera Storebro Bruks inköp och förbrukning av träkol till järnframställning under tidsperioden 1793-1850, samt att analysera den skogsbrist, som på många håll ansetts allmän under den aktuella tiden. För att kunna avgöra hur skogen i området har utnyttjats har jag arbetat med historiskt källmaterial från Storebro Bruksarkiv. För att beskriva brukets historia och utveckling har jag i huvudsak använt mig av allmänna dokument, vilket innefattar privilegiebrev, lagfarter, köpekontrakt och andra dokument som beskriver brukets verksamheter. För att fastställa träkolsleveransernas omfattning och ursprung, samt brukets träkolsförbrukning, använde jag räkenskapsböckerna för åren 1793-1850. Jag har, i studien, gjort ett urval av 16 byar för att spegla hur träkolsleveranserna varierade mellan byarna, samt hur dessa leveranser förändrades under årens gång. Mellan åren 1793 och 1850 levererade bönderna runt bruket i genomsnitt 94 100 hektoliter träkol per år till bruket, vilket motsvarar en årlig avverkning på 11 292 m3. En skogsuppskattning gjord av Jägmästare Sjögren från Tjust revir, visade skogens tillstånd efter min studerade tidsperiod, år 1874. Det genomsnittliga virkesförrådet i alla byar och gårdar som inkluderades i skogsuppskattningen var omkring 50 m3 skog/ha. Proportionerna mellan timmerskog (timmerträd och timmerämnen) och kol- och vedskog var 36/64. Alltså bestod den största delen av den totala volymen av skog under 50 år. Genom att lägga samman alla olika delar i mitt arbete kan jag med stor säkerhet påstå att Storebro bruk genom sitt behov av råvaror påverkat omgivningen radikalt. En ”kolveds-frontier” förflyttades successivt från brukets närhet till dess periferi under den studerade perioden och denna process skapade tydliga gradienter i skogslandskapet. De närmaste byarna, som i huvudsak också ägdes av bruket, anser jag led av lokal skogsbrist från omkring 1830, och då i huvudsak brist på kolskog. Skogsuppskattningen från 1874, efter min studerade tidsperiod, visade att kolskogen dominerade, medan andelen timmerträd var mindre. Alltså har kolskogsbristen på 1830-talet övergått till en timmerträdsbrist på 1870- talet. Historiska källmaterial, på det vis som jag har använt dem, ger en detaljerad bild av hur människan utnyttjade skogen, under en viss tid, men också hur skogen påverkades av människans utnyttjande. Som ett resultat av detta kan vi också förbättra de beslut vi tar idag, om hur skogen ska skötas för att på bästa sätt bibehålla dess biologiska, kulturella och sociala värden. 2005-12-12 Other NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11018/1/hedstrom_i_170918.pdf Hedström, Ida, 2005. Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar : en studie av träkolsförbrukning vid Storebro Bruk 1793-1850. UNSPECIFIED, Umeå. Umeå: (S) > Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-241.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-6934 swe |
| spellingShingle | Forestry - General aspects Hedström, Ida Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar |
| title | Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar |
| title_full | Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar |
| title_fullStr | Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar |
| title_short | Skogsbristen i Smålands bruksskogar |
| title_sort | skogsbristen i smålands bruksskogar |
| topic | Forestry - General aspects |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11018/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11018/ |