Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor
Modern milk production have come a long way when it comes to accommodating the nutritional and physiological needs of the animals, but unfortunately the behavioural and psychological needs of cows and heifers are often left unfulfilled. A long time for eating is beneficial for the digestion and a...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | L3 |
| Language: | Swedish Inglés |
| Published: |
SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231)
2007
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| Subjects: |
| _version_ | 1855571744638631936 |
|---|---|
| author | Lidback, Felicia |
| author_browse | Lidback, Felicia |
| author_facet | Lidback, Felicia |
| author_sort | Lidback, Felicia |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | Modern milk production have come a long way when it comes to accommodating the
nutritional and physiological needs of the animals, but unfortunately the behavioural and
psychological needs of cows and heifers are often left unfulfilled. A long time for eating
is beneficial for the digestion and also gives the cattle something to do and decreases the risks for developing abnormal behaviours. An important factor that influences eating- and ruminating time is the particle size of the roughage. The aim of the study was to find out if particle size influences the behaviour of dairy heifers, in particular with regard to eating behaviour and abnormal behaviours.
The study was conducted at Uddetorp farm high school in Skara. Forty-two heifers of the
breeds SR and SF were housed in 8 slatted floor pens. Two separate roughage treatments
were tested; long silage (253.5 ± 39.6 (SD) mm) and short silage (25.6 ± 8.3 (SD) mm).
The silages were fed according to a change-over design with two experimental periods of
three weeks, with a week in between the periods when the heifers were fed both short and
long silage. The heifers also were fed both silages during one week before the trial
started, during which time a base registration of behaviours was conducted. Amounts of
concentrate were similar between treatment groups within the same live weight range.
During the last two weeks of each period all roughage was weighed before it was fed and
leftovers were collected and weighed. At the start and at the end of each period all heifers were weighed and scored for body condition. Behavioural recordings were conducted
during the last two days of each week of a period using video recordings around the clock
and direct observations for three sessions of two hours each per day. Behavioural data
from the video recordings and direct observations was analyzed using generalized linear
model (Proc Genmod) in SAS (Statistical Analysis Systems, version 9.1)
Results from the intake measurements showed that the younger heifers increased their DM intake in percentage of body weight and in kg per day when fed short silage compared to long silage. This difference in DM intake also could to a small extent depended on a higher dry-matter concentration but lower concentrations of ammonia and organic acids in the short compared to the long silage. However, the older heifers did not differ in DM intake between the two silages.
The behavioural analysis showed that the heifers spent significantly more time eating
when fed long compared with short silage (p<0.05, χ2 = 7.77, df = 2). The heifers spent
less time ruminating while lying down during base recordings than in either of the silage
treatments (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.84, df = 2). Between the two silage treatments however, there
was no difference in this behaviour. When the heifers were fed long silage, they spent
less time standing inactive (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.39, df = 2). The same result also was found in
the time the heifers spent lying inactive (p<0.05, χ2 = 7.11, df = 2). When fed short silage, the heifers spent significantly more time drinking water than when fed long silage
(p<0.05, χ2 = 5.82, df = 1). When fed long silage the time the heifers spent licking the
fixture decreased compared to when they were fed short silage (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.48, df = 2).
There also was an interaction between the particle size of the silage and the age of the
heifers when it came to time spent licking and biting on fixtures (p<0.05, χ2 = 3.99, df =1). The difference between the silage treatments was greater among the younger than the
older heifers in this behaviour. During base registration the heifers scratched themselves
more against the fixture compared to when they were fed either of the silages (p<0.05, χ2
= 6.16, df = 2). Looking at the time the heifers spent licking themselves there was an
interaction between the silage particle size and the age of the heifers (p<0.05, χ2 = 4.07, df = 1). The younger heifers spent less time licking themselves when fed long silage, whereas the older heifers did not differ in this behaviour between treatments.
In conclusion, feeding long silage resulted in longer eating times and less time for
inactivity among the heifers. The heifers also spent less time licking and biting the fixture when fed long silage. Other abnormal behaviours occurred to a very small extent
regardless of which silage the heifers were fed. |
| format | L3 |
| id | RepoSLU10747 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | swe Inglés |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) |
| publisherStr | SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU107472017-09-15T10:06:12Z Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor Influence of silage particle size on behaviour and abnormal behaviours in dairy heifers Lidback, Felicia ko kviga kvigor mjölkraskvigor ensilage partikelstorlek beteende beteendestörning Modern milk production have come a long way when it comes to accommodating the nutritional and physiological needs of the animals, but unfortunately the behavioural and psychological needs of cows and heifers are often left unfulfilled. A long time for eating is beneficial for the digestion and also gives the cattle something to do and decreases the risks for developing abnormal behaviours. An important factor that influences eating- and ruminating time is the particle size of the roughage. The aim of the study was to find out if particle size influences the behaviour of dairy heifers, in particular with regard to eating behaviour and abnormal behaviours. The study was conducted at Uddetorp farm high school in Skara. Forty-two heifers of the breeds SR and SF were housed in 8 slatted floor pens. Two separate roughage treatments were tested; long silage (253.5 ± 39.6 (SD) mm) and short silage (25.6 ± 8.3 (SD) mm). The silages were fed according to a change-over design with two experimental periods of three weeks, with a week in between the periods when the heifers were fed both short and long silage. The heifers also were fed both silages during one week before the trial started, during which time a base registration of behaviours was conducted. Amounts of concentrate were similar between treatment groups within the same live weight range. During the last two weeks of each period all roughage was weighed before it was fed and leftovers were collected and weighed. At the start and at the end of each period all heifers were weighed and scored for body condition. Behavioural recordings were conducted during the last two days of each week of a period using video recordings around the clock and direct observations for three sessions of two hours each per day. Behavioural data from the video recordings and direct observations was analyzed using generalized linear model (Proc Genmod) in SAS (Statistical Analysis Systems, version 9.1) Results from the intake measurements showed that the younger heifers increased their DM intake in percentage of body weight and in kg per day when fed short silage compared to long silage. This difference in DM intake also could to a small extent depended on a higher dry-matter concentration but lower concentrations of ammonia and organic acids in the short compared to the long silage. However, the older heifers did not differ in DM intake between the two silages. The behavioural analysis showed that the heifers spent significantly more time eating when fed long compared with short silage (p<0.05, χ2 = 7.77, df = 2). The heifers spent less time ruminating while lying down during base recordings than in either of the silage treatments (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.84, df = 2). Between the two silage treatments however, there was no difference in this behaviour. When the heifers were fed long silage, they spent less time standing inactive (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.39, df = 2). The same result also was found in the time the heifers spent lying inactive (p<0.05, χ2 = 7.11, df = 2). When fed short silage, the heifers spent significantly more time drinking water than when fed long silage (p<0.05, χ2 = 5.82, df = 1). When fed long silage the time the heifers spent licking the fixture decreased compared to when they were fed short silage (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.48, df = 2). There also was an interaction between the particle size of the silage and the age of the heifers when it came to time spent licking and biting on fixtures (p<0.05, χ2 = 3.99, df =1). The difference between the silage treatments was greater among the younger than the older heifers in this behaviour. During base registration the heifers scratched themselves more against the fixture compared to when they were fed either of the silages (p<0.05, χ2 = 6.16, df = 2). Looking at the time the heifers spent licking themselves there was an interaction between the silage particle size and the age of the heifers (p<0.05, χ2 = 4.07, df = 1). The younger heifers spent less time licking themselves when fed long silage, whereas the older heifers did not differ in this behaviour between treatments. In conclusion, feeding long silage resulted in longer eating times and less time for inactivity among the heifers. The heifers also spent less time licking and biting the fixture when fed long silage. Other abnormal behaviours occurred to a very small extent regardless of which silage the heifers were fed. Den moderna mjölkproduktionen har kommit långt när det gäller att se till djurens näringsmässiga och fysiologiska behov. Däremot lämnas tyvärr de beteendemässiga och psykologiska behoven hos kvigor och mjölkkor ofta otillfredsställda. En lång ättid främjar nötkreaturens matsmältning samtidigt som det ger dem sysselsättning och minskar risken för att djuren utvecklar onormala beteenden. En viktig faktor som påverkar ät- och idisslingstiden är partikelstorleken i grovfodret. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på om ensilagets partikelstorlek har någon inverkan på beteendet hos kvigor av mjölkras, särskilt med avseende på ätbeteende och onormala beteenden. Studien genomfördes på Uddetorps naturbruksgymnasium i Skara. Djurmaterialet bestod av 42 kvigor av raserna SRB och SLB, inhysta i 8 boxar med spaltgolv. Två olika foderbehandlingar testades; långstråigt ensilage (253,5 ± 39,6 (SD) mm) respektive kortstråigt ensilage (25,6 ± 8,3 (SD) mm). Ensilagen utfodrades enligt change-overdesign med två försöksperioder á tre veckor, med en mellanliggande vecka då djuren gavs både kortstråigt och långstråigt ensilage. Veckan innan försöksstarten utfodrades kvigorna också med båda ensilagen. Kraftfodergivan var lika mellan behandlingar och utfodrades efter kvigornas vikt. Allt ensilage vägdes innan utfodring och rester samlades och vägdes under de två sista veckorna i varje försöksperiod. I början och i slutet av varje försöksperiod vägdes och hullbedömdes alla kvigor. Beteenderegistrering gjordes de två sista dagarna i varje försöksvecka med videoupptagning dygnet runt samt direktobservation i tre pass á två timmar per dag. Data från vägningarna av foder och kvigor, samt hullbedömningar och foderanalyser bearbetades i Excel. Data från direktobservationer och videoavkodningar analyserades med generaliserad linjär modell (Proc Genmod) i SAS (Statistical Analysis Systems, version 9.1). Konsumtionsmätningen visade att de yngre kvigorna ökade sitt ts-intag i procent av levande vikt och i kg per dag då de utfodrades med kortstråigt jämfört med långstråigt ensilage. Skillnaden i konsumtion kunde också till liten del bero på ett högre torrsubstansinnehåll men ett lägre innehåll av ammoniumkväve och organiska syror i det kortstråiga ensilaget. De äldre kvigorna ändrade däremot inte sin ts-konsumtion mellan de olika ensilagen. Beteendeanalysen visade att kvigorna ägnade signifikant mer tid åt att äta ensilage då de utfodrades med långstråigt jämfört med kortstråigt ensilage (p<0,05, χ2 = 7,77, df = 2). Kvigorna spenderade mindre tid åt att idissla liggande under basregistreringen än under de båda ensilagebehandlingarna (p<0,05, χ2 = 6,84, df = 2). Mellan de båda behandlingarna fanns däremot ingen skillnad i idisslingstid. Då kvigorna utfodrades med långstråigt ensilage ägnade de mindre tid åt att stå inaktiva (p<0,05, χ2 = 6,39, df = 2). Samma skillnad fanns också i tiden kvigorna låg ner inaktiva (p<0,05, χ2 = 7,11, df = 2). Vid utfodring med kortstråigt ensilage ägnade kvigorna signifikant mer tid åt att dricka vatten än vid utfodring med långstråigt ensilage (p<0,05, χ2 = 5,82, df = 1). Vid utfodring med långstråigt ensilage var tiden kvigorna slickade på inredningen kortare än då de gavs kortstråigt ensilage (p<0,05, χ2 = 6,48, df = 2), och det fanns även ett signifikant samspel mellan ensilagets partikelstorlek och kvigornas ålder när det gällde hur mycket de slickade och bet på inredningen (p<0,05, χ2 = 3,99, df = 1). Skillnaden mellan de olika ensilagebehandlingarna var större hos de yngre än hos de äldre kvigorna i detta beteende. Under basregistreringen kliade kvigorna sig mer mot inredningen än under behandlingen med de olika ensilagen (p<0,05, χ2 = 6,16, df = 2). När det gällde tiden kvigorna ägnade åt att slicka sig själva fanns ett samspel mellan ensilagets partikelstorlek och kvigornas ålder (p<0,05, χ2 = 4,07, df = 1). De yngre kvigorna slickade sig själva mindre då de utfodrades med långstråigt ensilage, medan de äldre kvigornas beteende inte skiljde sig märkvärt mellan behandlingarna. Sammanfattningsvis resulterade utfodringen med långstråigt ensilage i längre ättider och mindre inaktivitet hos kvigorna. Kvigorna ägnade också mindre tid till att slicka och bita på inredningen då de gavs långstråigt ensilage. Övriga onormala beteenden, som spensugning och tungrullning, förekom i mycket liten utsträckning oavsett vilket ensilage kvigorna utfodrades med. SLU/Dept. of Animal Environment and Health (until 231231) 2007 L3 swe eng https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10747/ |
| spellingShingle | ko kviga kvigor mjölkraskvigor ensilage partikelstorlek beteende beteendestörning Lidback, Felicia Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| title | Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| title_full | Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| title_fullStr | Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| title_short | Inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| title_sort | inverkan av ensilagets partikelstorlek på beteende och beteendestörningar hos mjölkraskvigor |
| topic | ko kviga kvigor mjölkraskvigor ensilage partikelstorlek beteende beteendestörning |