| Summary: | This study aims to identify behavioral spillover effects related to travel mode decisions.
In particular the effect of a shift towards environmentally friendly day-to-day
commuting on occasional longer distance travel modes is explored. Therefore a natural
experiment caused by the implementation of congestion charging in Stockholm and
Gothenburg is exploited. In a fixed effects model with a control group, the average
treatment effect on the treated is estimated by regressing the number of short-haul
flight trips on a policy treatment dummy and the amount of the charge, respectively.
The findings reveal predominantly positive estimates, confirmed and strengthened by
various extensions, and thus point towards negative spillover effects.
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