Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan
In Central Asia one can locate the smallest landlocked country of the former Soviet Union; Tajikistan. The country is a presidential republic and has been since the independence from Russian Soviet 1991 and is now one of the 15 former Soviet countries with the lowest per capita GDP. The private s...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Second cycle, A2E |
| Lenguaje: | sueco Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2017
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| Acceso en línea: | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10137/ |
| _version_ | 1855571643874672640 |
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| author | Alexius Lindgren, Michelle |
| author_browse | Alexius Lindgren, Michelle |
| author_facet | Alexius Lindgren, Michelle |
| author_sort | Alexius Lindgren, Michelle |
| collection | Epsilon Archive for Student Projects |
| description | In Central Asia one can locate the smallest landlocked country of the former Soviet Union;
Tajikistan. The country is a presidential republic and has been since the independence from
Russian Soviet 1991 and is now one of the 15 former Soviet countries with the lowest per
capita GDP. The private sector held most of the livestock, 60% during the Soviet era, which
rose to 90% 2006. During 2015, the private sector is producing up to 95% of the total
production of raw milk in the country. The large scale farms are few, however uprising and
striving for expansion. The average milk yield is 8 liters, ranging from 2.2 liters up to 17.7
liters in a typical commercial dairy farm in Tajikistan.
An effective and financially successful dairy production is based on the efficient reproductive
performance by the dairy cow. And the cow’s fertility performance is based on and affected
by several factors which make reproductive management a challenge for the everyday farmer;
no matter if the dairy production lays in Tajikistan or Sweden, the foundation of an effective
production is the same.
Because of the high portion of subsistence farming and no existing central data recording in
Tajikistan, there is little insight in reproductive health management of the dairy cows in the
country. The purpose of the current study was therefore to assess the reproductive
performance and identify the occurrence of reproductive disorders in the dairy cows in
Tajikistan, as well as to identify factors in the environment and management that may have an
impact on reproductive performance. The study was conducted in five districts bordering the
main capital Dushanbe. In total 114 cows from 10 farms were examined in the five districts.
A personal interview was conducted at each farm and an adjusted clinical examination
regarding reproductive health was performed on a number of random selected cows.
The results show that an immense majority of the cows were not pregnant at an anticipated
time point in the intensive dairy production systems. The reproductive performance of the
dairy cows in the studied farms was assessed as low. This was mainly based on the high age at
first calving, high percentage of non-pregnant cows, low daily milk yield and prolonged
calving interval. The majority of the cows had an age of more than 3 years at first calving and
the mean amount of milk produced in liters per day per cow was 11.9±7.6 liters. The main
reproductive disorders that occurred in the study was anestrus and endometritis. The farmers
often lacked knowledge regarding oestrus detection and the economic value of performing
standardized pregnancy diagnosis. The handling of documentations of the reproductive dates
was also clearly questionable regarding accuracy and availability of the records. |
| format | Second cycle, A2E |
| id | RepoSLU10137 |
| institution | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences |
| language | Swedish Inglés |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | RepoSLU101372018-11-26T00:15:04Z https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10137/ Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan Alexius Lindgren, Michelle Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects In Central Asia one can locate the smallest landlocked country of the former Soviet Union; Tajikistan. The country is a presidential republic and has been since the independence from Russian Soviet 1991 and is now one of the 15 former Soviet countries with the lowest per capita GDP. The private sector held most of the livestock, 60% during the Soviet era, which rose to 90% 2006. During 2015, the private sector is producing up to 95% of the total production of raw milk in the country. The large scale farms are few, however uprising and striving for expansion. The average milk yield is 8 liters, ranging from 2.2 liters up to 17.7 liters in a typical commercial dairy farm in Tajikistan. An effective and financially successful dairy production is based on the efficient reproductive performance by the dairy cow. And the cow’s fertility performance is based on and affected by several factors which make reproductive management a challenge for the everyday farmer; no matter if the dairy production lays in Tajikistan or Sweden, the foundation of an effective production is the same. Because of the high portion of subsistence farming and no existing central data recording in Tajikistan, there is little insight in reproductive health management of the dairy cows in the country. The purpose of the current study was therefore to assess the reproductive performance and identify the occurrence of reproductive disorders in the dairy cows in Tajikistan, as well as to identify factors in the environment and management that may have an impact on reproductive performance. The study was conducted in five districts bordering the main capital Dushanbe. In total 114 cows from 10 farms were examined in the five districts. A personal interview was conducted at each farm and an adjusted clinical examination regarding reproductive health was performed on a number of random selected cows. The results show that an immense majority of the cows were not pregnant at an anticipated time point in the intensive dairy production systems. The reproductive performance of the dairy cows in the studied farms was assessed as low. This was mainly based on the high age at first calving, high percentage of non-pregnant cows, low daily milk yield and prolonged calving interval. The majority of the cows had an age of more than 3 years at first calving and the mean amount of milk produced in liters per day per cow was 11.9±7.6 liters. The main reproductive disorders that occurred in the study was anestrus and endometritis. The farmers often lacked knowledge regarding oestrus detection and the economic value of performing standardized pregnancy diagnosis. The handling of documentations of the reproductive dates was also clearly questionable regarding accuracy and availability of the records. I Centralasien finner man det minsta inlandet i före detta Sovjetunionen; Tajikistan. Landet är en republik sedan självständigheten från ryska Sovjet 1991 och är nu en av de 15 f.d. sovjetiska länder med lägst BNP per capita. Den privata sektorn höll mest boskap, 60% under den sovjetiska eran, och 2006 hade den andelen stigit upp till 90%. Under 2015 producerar fortfarande den privata sektorn upp till 95% av den totala produktionen av obehandlad mjölk i landet. De storskaliga mjölkproducenterna är få, men majoriteten strävar efter att expandera sin produktion. Den genomsnittliga mjölkavkastningen är 8 liter, men varierar från 2,2 liter upp till 17,7 liter i en typisk kommersiell mjölkgård i Tajikistan. En effektiv och framgångsrik mjölkproduktion baseras på en effektiv reproduktionsförmåga hos mjölkkorna. Kons fertilitet är baserad på och påverkas av flera faktorer, vilket gör att tillsynen och hanteringen av den reproduktiva hälsan och förmågan hos korna är en ständig utmaning för mjölkbonden; oavsett om mjölkproduktionen är belägen i Tajikistan eller i Sverige, så är grunden för en effektiv produktion densamma. På grund av den höga andelen av självförsörjande jordbruk och avsaknaden av en central kodatainsamling i Tajikistan, finns det lite insikt i hur den reproduktiva hälsan hos mjölkkorna i landet är. Syftet med föreliggande studie var därför att utvärdera reproduktionsförmågan och identifiera förekomsten av reproduktionsstörningar hos mjölkkorna, liksom att identifiera miljö- och skötselfaktorer som kan påverka reproduktionsförmågan. Information erhölls därför från fem distrikt vilka gränsar till huvudstaden Dushanbe i Tajikistan. Totalt 114 kor från 10 gårdar undersöktes i de fem distrikten. En personlig intervju genomfördes vid varje gård och en anpassad klinisk undersökning avseende reproduktiv hälsa utfördes på ett antal slumpmässigt utvalda kor. Resultaten visar att en överväldigande majoritet av korna inte var dräktiga som förväntat vid den tidpunkt de borde vara i ett intensivt optimerat produktionssystem. Den reproduktiva prestationen hos mjölkkorna bedömdes som låg på de besökta gårdarna. Detta baseras huvudsakligen på den höga inkalvningsåldern, höga andelen av icke-dräktiga kor, låga dagliga mjölkavkastningen och de långa kalvningsintervallen. Majoriteten av korna hade en inkalvningsålder på över 3 år och medelmängden producerad mjölk i liter per dag och ko var 11.9±7.6 liter. De huvudsakliga reproduktiva störningarna funna i studien var anöstrus och endometrit. Bönderna saknade ofta kunskap om brunstkontroll och det ekonomiska värdet av att utföra standardiserade dräktighetsundersökningar. Hanteringen av kalvnings- och inseminationsdatum samt allmän journalföring av djuren var också tydligt bristfällig avseende noggrannhet, användbarhet och sanningsenlighet. 2017-04-11 Second cycle, A2E NonPeerReviewed application/pdf sv https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10137/1/alexius_lindgren_m_20170424.pdf Alexius Lindgren, Michelle, 2017. Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan. Second cycle, A2E. Uppsala: (VH) > Dept. of Clinical Sciences (until 231231) <https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/view/divisions/OID-715.html> urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-6357 eng |
| spellingShingle | Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects Alexius Lindgren, Michelle Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan |
| title | Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan |
| title_full | Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan |
| title_fullStr | Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan |
| title_short | Factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in Tajikistan |
| title_sort | factors affecting reproductive performance and health in dairy cows in tajikistan |
| topic | Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects |
| url | https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10137/ https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10137/ |