Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana

Anaplasma is a genus of gram-negative, intracellular bacteria infecting different blood cells in animals. Three of the species infect the erythrocytes of ruminants, A. marginale and A. centrale most often infect cattle, while A. ovis primarily infects sheep and goats. Different species of wild ru...

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Autor principal: Berthelsson, Jessica
Formato: H3
Lenguaje:Inglés
sueco
Publicado: SLU/Dept. of Clinical Sciences (until 231231) 2017
Materias:
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author Berthelsson, Jessica
author_browse Berthelsson, Jessica
author_facet Berthelsson, Jessica
author_sort Berthelsson, Jessica
collection Epsilon Archive for Student Projects
description Anaplasma is a genus of gram-negative, intracellular bacteria infecting different blood cells in animals. Three of the species infect the erythrocytes of ruminants, A. marginale and A. centrale most often infect cattle, while A. ovis primarily infects sheep and goats. Different species of wild ruminants can also become infected. The disease is called anaplasmosis and causes clinical signs like hemolytic anaemia, icterus and loss of production. In this study samples were collected from smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone in Botswana. Blood samples were collected from 100 goats in 11 different flocks from three different villages; Modipane, Kopong and Gakuto. Body condition and FAMACHA© scores were estimated and the blood was used for PCV, blood smears, cELISA and PCR. Each farmer was interviewed about management, health and treatment of the goats. Examination of blood smears in light microscopy showed inclusion bodies in 53% of the samples. A seroprevalence of 88% was found on cELISA and 76% of the goats were positive on PCR with a general primer for Anaplasma spp. The PCR positive samples were used for specific PCR for detecting A. marginale and A. ovis. All the PCR positive goats were infected with A. ovis and no goats were positive for A. marginale. Positive animals were found in all areas and in all flocks. The prevalence was highest in Modipane and lowest in Gakuto.
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spelling RepoSLU101012017-04-12T10:13:32Z Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana Anaplasma spp. infektion i små getbesättningar runt Gaborone, Botswana Berthelsson, Jessica Anaplasma goat prevalence Botswana blood smear ELISA PCR Anaplasma is a genus of gram-negative, intracellular bacteria infecting different blood cells in animals. Three of the species infect the erythrocytes of ruminants, A. marginale and A. centrale most often infect cattle, while A. ovis primarily infects sheep and goats. Different species of wild ruminants can also become infected. The disease is called anaplasmosis and causes clinical signs like hemolytic anaemia, icterus and loss of production. In this study samples were collected from smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone in Botswana. Blood samples were collected from 100 goats in 11 different flocks from three different villages; Modipane, Kopong and Gakuto. Body condition and FAMACHA© scores were estimated and the blood was used for PCV, blood smears, cELISA and PCR. Each farmer was interviewed about management, health and treatment of the goats. Examination of blood smears in light microscopy showed inclusion bodies in 53% of the samples. A seroprevalence of 88% was found on cELISA and 76% of the goats were positive on PCR with a general primer for Anaplasma spp. The PCR positive samples were used for specific PCR for detecting A. marginale and A. ovis. All the PCR positive goats were infected with A. ovis and no goats were positive for A. marginale. Positive animals were found in all areas and in all flocks. The prevalence was highest in Modipane and lowest in Gakuto. Anaplasma spp. är ett genus av gramnegativa, intracellulära bakterier som kan infektera olika celler i blodet hos djur. Tre arter infekterar erythrocyterna hos idisslare, A. marginale och A. centrale infekterar främst nötkreatur, medan A. ovis infekterar får och getter. Även många vilda arter av idisslare kan infekteras av Anaplasma spp. Sjukdomen som ett infekterat djur kan utveckla kallas anaplasmos och kliniska fynd som sammankopplas med den är hemolytisk anemi, ikterus och nedsatt produktion. I denna studie provtogs getter från små besättningar runt huvudstaden Gaborone i Botswana. Provtagningen utfördes i tre olika områden, Modipane, Kopong och Gakuto. Totalt 100 djur provtogs från 11 olika flockar. Från varje djur togs blod och en uppskattning av Body Condition och FAMACHA© score gjordes. Blodet användes till mikrohematokrit, blodutstryk, cELISA och PCR. En intervju med ägarna utfördes och frågorna gällde skötsel, hälsa och behandling av getterna. Mikroskopering av blodutstryken gav en prevalens på 53% positiva med minst en inklusionskropp. En seroprevalens på 88% påvisades genom cELISA och hos 76% av getterna påvisades DNA från Anaplasma spp. genom PCR med en generell primer. Alla de getter som var positiva vid generell PCR visade sig bära på Anaplasma ovis vid PCR med en specifik primer för den arten. Ingen av getterna bar på Anaplasma marginale då alla getter var negativa vid PCR med en specifik primer för den arten. Positiva djur hittades i alla områden och i alla flockar. Prevalensen var högst i Modipane och lägst i Gakuto. SLU/Dept. of Clinical Sciences (until 231231) 2017 H3 eng swe https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/10101/
spellingShingle Anaplasma
goat
prevalence
Botswana
blood smear
ELISA
PCR
Berthelsson, Jessica
Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana
title Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana
title_full Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana
title_fullStr Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana
title_full_unstemmed Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana
title_short Anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around Gaborone, Botswana
title_sort anaplasma spp. infection in smallholder goat flocks around gaborone, botswana
topic Anaplasma
goat
prevalence
Botswana
blood smear
ELISA
PCR