Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon

The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War l, a first rubber crisis forced sorne estate owners t...

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Main Authors:	Stoian, Dietmar, Henkemans, Arienne B.
Format:	Artículo
Language:	Inglés
Published:	Academic Publishers 2016
Subjects:	CAUCHO NUEZ DEL BRASIL INDUSTRIA DEL CAUCHO EXTRACCION PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO LEÑOSOS ASENTAMIENTO RURAL ESTRUCTURA DE LA EXPLOTACION MIGRACION RURAL-URBANA ENTORNO SOCIOECONOMICO BOLIVIA
Online Access:	http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01435698.2000.9753017 https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/8236

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spelling	RepoCATIE82362022-02-24T15:33:48Z Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon Stoian, Dietmar Henkemans, Arienne B. CAUCHO NUEZ DEL BRASIL INDUSTRIA DEL CAUCHO EXTRACCION PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO LEÑOSOS ASENTAMIENTO RURAL ESTRUCTURA DE LA EXPLOTACION MIGRACION RURAL-URBANA ENTORNO SOCIOECONOMICO BOLIVIA The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War l, a first rubber crisis forced sorne estate owners to abandon their land, favouring the emergen ce of independent communities. A second rubber crisis after World War n, along with the Agrarian Reform in 1953, accelerated the disintegration of rubber estates and the foundation oC independent commullities. In the early 1990s, the conclusive halt of Bolivian rubber production fuelled rural-urban migration and the differentiation of rural settlements. This paper examines the evolution from pure rubber estates to a wide array of settlement types. A settlement typology distinguishes four types of estates and six types of independent communities with varying trade-offs between extractivism and peasant agricu1ture. The findings have important implications for NTFP-based development. First, extraction-based Iivelihoods are socially acceptable only when access to Ibasic services, like schooling, health care, and transportation is ensured. Second, in the region's remote areas the supply of such services needs to rely on a forest concession system within which the prívate sector bears the investments needed. Finally, indigenous communities participating .in NTFP trade need to demarcate their sphere in between the remo te forest concessions and the non-tribal peasantry in the vicinity of town. 2016-04-08T19:23:30Z 2016-04-08T19:23:30Z 2000 Artículo Intemational Tree Crops Joumal. Volumen 10, páginas 299-319 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01435698.2000.9753017 https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/8236 en application/pdf Academic Publishers
institution	Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza
collection	Repositorio CATIE
language	Inglés
topic	CAUCHO NUEZ DEL BRASIL INDUSTRIA DEL CAUCHO EXTRACCION PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO LEÑOSOS ASENTAMIENTO RURAL ESTRUCTURA DE LA EXPLOTACION MIGRACION RURAL-URBANA ENTORNO SOCIOECONOMICO BOLIVIA
spellingShingle	CAUCHO NUEZ DEL BRASIL INDUSTRIA DEL CAUCHO EXTRACCION PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO LEÑOSOS ASENTAMIENTO RURAL ESTRUCTURA DE LA EXPLOTACION MIGRACION RURAL-URBANA ENTORNO SOCIOECONOMICO BOLIVIA Stoian, Dietmar Henkemans, Arienne B. Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
description	The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War l, a first rubber crisis forced sorne estate owners to abandon their land, favouring the emergen ce of independent communities. A second rubber crisis after World War n, along with the Agrarian Reform in 1953, accelerated the disintegration of rubber estates and the foundation oC independent commullities. In the early 1990s, the conclusive halt of Bolivian rubber production fuelled rural-urban migration and the differentiation of rural settlements. This paper examines the evolution from pure rubber estates to a wide array of settlement types. A settlement typology distinguishes four types of estates and six types of independent communities with varying trade-offs between extractivism and peasant agricu1ture. The findings have important implications for NTFP-based development. First, extraction-based Iivelihoods are socially acceptable only when access to Ibasic services, like schooling, health care, and transportation is ensured. Second, in the region's remote areas the supply of such services needs to rely on a forest concession system within which the prívate sector bears the investments needed. Finally, indigenous communities participating .in NTFP trade need to demarcate their sphere in between the remo te forest concessions and the non-tribal peasantry in the vicinity of town.
format	Artículo
author	Stoian, Dietmar Henkemans, Arienne B.
author_facet	Stoian, Dietmar Henkemans, Arienne B.
author_sort	Stoian, Dietmar
title	Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
title_short	Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
title_full	Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
title_fullStr	Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
title_full_unstemmed	Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon
title_sort	between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the bolivian amazon
publisher	Academic Publishers
publishDate	2016
url	http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01435698.2000.9753017 https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/8236
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Between extrativism and peasant agriculture: differentiation of rural settlements in the Bolivian Amazon

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